Integumentary System Study Guide for Exam

Human Anatomy and Physiology I Lecture 2: Integumentary System Study Guide The objective of this session is for students to develop an understanding of the integumentary system. The students should demonstrate knowledge of the cutaneous membrane and all the associated structures. The integumentary system is composed of the cutaneous membrane (Epidermis and dermis) note that the hypodermis is not considered a layer, and the accessory structures such as hair, nails, sebaceous glands and sudoriferous glands. At the end of this class, the students should be able to 1, State the function of the integumentary system. - - Protection (first line of defense), resistance to trauma and infection o Protects external and internal tissues against dehydration, injury, and microbe invasion o Blocks UV light, ability to absorb lipid based substances Manufactures Vitamin D in response to sun exposure  bone strength and maintenance Sense organ o Receives info from environment through nerve endings and receptors Thermoregulation Nonverbal communication o Facial expressions, self image, social acceptance 2, State the components of the integumentary system and their function. - - - Epidermis – most superficial layer of skin o Contains stratified squamous epithelium (lining), keratinocytes (make keratin), melanocytes (make melanin),Langerhans cells (immune cells), Merkel cells (tactile sensory cells) o Avascular Dermis – middle layer of the integument composed of connective and vascular tissue o Composed of collagen, elastic, and reticular tissue o Well supplied with blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings Hypodermis – subcutaneous tissue, contains more areolar and adipose tissue than dermis o Pads body and binds skin to underlying tissues o Subcutaneous fat – energy reservoir, thermal insulation 3, Identify the structures found within the skin and state their function? Hair shaft Pore of sweat gland duct Tactile corpuscle Sebaceous gland Arrector pili muscle Sweat gland duct Hair follicle Lamellated corpuscle Nerve fibers Sweat glands Artery Subcutaneous fat Cutaneous plexus Vein 4, Identify the layers of the epidermis in this picture and state their characteristics 5, Name and explain the characteristics of the A, Epidermis: -Stratum corneum: -Stratum lucidum: -Stratum granulosum: -Stratum Spinosum: -Stratum Basale(Stratum germinativum): B, Dermis: -Papillary layer: -Reticular layer: C, Hypodermis: 6, What is the difference between thick and thin skin and where are they located 7, What are the types of epithelial tissue found in the -Epidermis: -Dermis-papillary layer vs. reticular layer: 8, Name the function and location of these cells of the epidermis A, Stem cells or germinative cells: B, Keratinocytes: C, Melanocytes: D, Tactile (Merkel) cells: E, Dendritic (Langerhan) cells: 9, The Epidermal ridges forms _____________________ which is unique to each individual and can be used for identification purposes. 10, What are the structures of the epidermis and dermis that interlocks together to form the boundary between these two layers? 11, State the characteristics and function of these structures of the dermis: -Hair follicles: -Nail roots: -Piloerector muscles: -Dermal papillae 12, A subcutaneous injection is administered in which part of the skin? 13, Below are the different types of skin pigmentation, identify the cause, secreting cells, and functions of these pigments. A. Melanin: -Eumelanin: -Pheomelanin B. Carotene: C. Hemoglobin 14, Below are the different types of skin color of diagnostic value, what leads to this pigmentation, identify the cause. A, Cyanosis: B, Erythema: C, Pallor: D, Albinism: E, Jaundice: F, Hematoma: 15, What are the adverse effects of chronic sun exposure on the skin? 16, What is a cleavage line and the clinical significance? 17, What is hair composed of, and where in the body is hair not found? 18, Compare and contrast the three types of hair that grows on the body? 19, What are the characteristics of these structures found in the hair? -Dermal papilla: -Hair Matrix: -Epithelial root sheath: -Connective tissue root sheath: 20, What are the characteristics of the three layers of the hair: -Medulla: -Cortex: -Cuticle: 21, Compare and contrast the three developmental stages of the hair cycle: -Anagen: -Catagen: -Telogen: 22, What are the functions of hair? 23, What are the functions of the nail? 24, What are the characteristics of these structures found in the nail?  Nail plate—  Free edge:  Nail body:  Nail root:  Nail fold:  Nail groove:  Nil bed:  Hyponychium:  Nail matrix:  Lunule:  Eponychium(cuticle): 25, Compare and contrast merocrine vs. apocrine sweat glands: 26, Compare and contrast sebaceous glands, mammary glands, vs. ceruminous glands 27, Compare and contrast basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma: 28, Compare and contrast first degree, second degree and third degree burns: 29, What is the ABCDE rule and how is it used?