Confederation and Constitution, 1783-1789 (Answers)

Confederation and Constitution, 1783-1789 Which of these is not a part of the Bill of Rights? a. Freedom of the press against government intrusion b. Protection against general (unwarranted) searches c. The right of males to vote if they paid taxes d. The right of criminal defendants to enjoy a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of one's peers e. Freedom of religion ANS: C Which of the following best describes John Adams' concept of "mixed government"? a. Both men and women would play a role in the nation's politics. b. African Americans deserved their place in the political arena next to white Americans. c. The powers of government were separated into the legislative, executive, and judiciary branch. d. A bicameral legislature of senators and representatives would temper the volatility of simple majority rule. e. Northern and Southern states would mix evenly in the Senate and thereby avoid an escalation of the debate over slavery. ANS: C It could most accurately be stated of the Articles of Confederation that a. they were not ratified until 1783. b. John Dickinson's treatise was used to argue against ratification. c. the central government under the Articles had very little power. d. only eleven of the states ever ratified the Articles. e. one of the few powers given by the Articles was the right of taxation. ANS: C Which of these was not a power of the Continental Congress under the Articles? a. b. c. d. To declare war and make peace To make international treaties To establish a currency To select a president e. To create and maintain a postal service ANS: D Which of these was not a power given to Congress? a. To collect taxes and raise revenue b. To permit states to join and secede from the union c. To declare war d. To regulate all commerce e. To maintain an army ANS: B The president would have the power to do all of the following except a. declare war. b. appoint diplomats. c. veto acts of Congress he believed to be unconstitutional. d. execute laws passed by Congress. e. oversee the army and navy as commander in chief. ANS: A The Electoral College was put in place a. to oversee the appointments of presidential candidates and determine who should run for office. b. to oversee the qualifications of candidates for Congress and the number of elected officials for each state. c. to appoint federal judges. d. because the Constitutional Convention didn't trust democracy or the masses to elect the most qualified person as president. e. to nominate presidential candidates. ANS: A The Federalist Papers were a. a tell-all book about the conspiratorial nature of the Philadelphia Convention which almost destroyed the necessary support for the constitution. b. a new type of national currency that the constitution had authorized. c. a new passport that allowed Americans to travel across state lines throughout the nation. d. an early archive of the writings and correspondence of the founding fathers. e. a series of essays written by three prominent advocates of the new constitution that sought to gain support for its ratification in New York State. ANS: E The Bill of Rights addressed all of the following grievances Americans had suffered as colonists, except a. abridgements of free speech. b. an established church. c. unreasonable searches by the federal government. d. the denial of a trial by one's peers. e. authoritarian and undemocratic local governments. ANS: E Securing the New Nation, 1789-1800 All of the following are true about President George Washington, except a. His reputation as an honest leader made him the obvious choice to lead the new government. b. He did not run for the office of the president when it was created. c. He had formally retired and had to be talked into coming back and serving his country once again. d. At the time, he thought little of the fact that he had no contemporary role models. e. He established several important precedents while in office. ANS: D In his farewell address, Washington urged Americans to a. try to develop a nonpartisan political system to resolve their political differences. b. be vigilant in their dealings with the British. c. support the causes he had supported. d. support his vice president, John Adams, for president. e. deal fairly with Native Americans. ANS: A Jeffersonian Democracy, 1800-1814 The first political party to actively campaign at the grassroots level was the a. Federalist party. b. Radical Whig party. c. Anti-Federalist party. d. Democratic-Republican party. e. Democratic party. ANS: D The Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison is significant for establishing the doctrine of a. judicial review. b. nullification. c. legal slavery. d. segregation. e. land purchases by the federal government. ANS: A Why was land so essential to Jefferson's vision of the republic? a. Without land, people would be pressured to become wage laborers b. Land made it possible for every American to become a self-sufficient farmer. c. He feared that without new land, the nation faced the problem of overcrowding. d. Expansion would push the Spanish and French out. e. All of these choices. ANS: E Which of the following is not a true statement about the Louisiana Purchase? a. b. c. d. e. Jefferson initially set out to buy just New Orleans. Napoleon agreed to sell the land because France desperately needed the money. Jefferson paid $5 million for the land all the way to the Rocky Mountains. The U.S. gained an additional 830,000 square miles in the deal with France. The land was occupied and claimed by various Native American tribes. ANS: C Which was not true of the Battle of New Orleans? a. The troops were led by Andrew Jackson. b. The Americans suffered less than two dozen casualties, while the British had over 2,000. c. The battle turned Jackson into an instant military hero. d. The battle occurred before the treaty ending hostilities between Britain and the United States was signed by the two nations. e. It actually took place after an agreement had been reached to end the war. ANS: D The peace treaty ending the War of 1812 a. did not resolve the impressment issue. b. left open the question of America's right to neutrality. c. was negotiated at Ghent. d. All of these choices. e. None of these choices. ANS: D Politics of the Market Revolution In 1824, Jackson and his supporters referred to which of the following as a "corrupt bargain"? a. The alleged deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay that gave Adams the presidency b. A deal between the Bank of the United States and a series of small country banks that violated the strict banking rules of the time c. An agreement between South Carolina and Virginia to organize the opposition to congressional debates of slavery d. A plan pursued by New England legislators to pass a high tariff e. Voter fraud in the American West ANS: A Why is Jackson's rise to the presidency labeled "the age of the common man"? a. He appealed to all Americans, across class lines. b. Voters from the North turned out to support him. c. He reached out to the masses, including the working class and frontiersmen. d. He was an advocate for the rights of free blacks and Native Americans. e. He beat John Quincy Adams. ANS: C The direct appointment to a government job in exchange for helping a politician campaign for office is called the "spoils system," or a. patronage. b. protection. c. leverage. d. keeping retainers. e. corruption. ANS: A Which of the following is the most accurate description of the Nullification Crisis? a. Jackson's supporters pressured Congress to nullify the 1824 election results and make him president. b. Western farmers sought to nullify foreclosures on their farms that resulted from the depression. c. President Jackson nullified the Supreme Court decision that granted the Cherokee the right to remain in Georgia. d. President Jackson nullified the charter of the Bank of the United States. e. South Carolina nullified federal tariffs and challenged the constitutional principle that the federal government had the sole authority to regulate foreign trade. ANS: E President Jackson distrusted the National Bank because a. he thought Nicholas Biddle was assuming too much power. b. he did not believe that the Bank was constitutional. c. private owners held shares in the Bank. d. he viewed paper money as dangerous, based on his personal financial losses in a bank during the 1790s. e. so many different currencies existed throughout the United States. ANS: D The Trail of Tears was the name given to the forced march of the ____ nation to land in Oklahoma. a. Shawnee b. Seminole c. Cherokee d. Choctaw e. Creek ANS: C The Continued Move West As Americans relentlessly moved westward across the continent: a. Native Americans prospered as they assimilated to Anglo American society. b. western migrants found refuge from the market revolution. c. the frontier kept alive the democratic promise of making it on their own. d. Americans were able to avoid the issue of slavery in national politics. e. they convinced their neighbors and Native American tribes of their peaceful intentions and anti-imperialist principles. ANS: C Texas won its independence from Mexico at the Battle of a. San Antonio. b. Horseshoe Bend. c. the Alamo. d. San Jacinto. e. Houston. ANS: D All of the following happened as a result of the discovery of gold in California, except a. About 80,000 fortune seekers arrived in California in 1849 alone. b. Half of the migrants to California came from across the globe. c. Many of the "forty-niners" ended up staying in California even if their searches for gold did not come to fruition. d. As new settlers, migrants to California formed diplomatic relationships with Native Americans. e. Most of the booming settlements of the gold rush days later decayed into ghost towns. ANS: D In the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851, the U.S. government a. agreed to pay cash restitution to the Plains tribes for disruptions to the buffalo grounds. b. set aside a portion of land for a reservation for the Sioux. c. relocated the Plains Indians away from a new transportation corridor that had been put in use. d. wrung an agreement from the Plains Indian tribes to give up a large part of their tribal lands. e. agreed not to allow white settlers to make war against the Plains tribes. ANS: A During the 1840s, it became apparent that a. many Americans opposed the idea of taking on new territories. b. slavery was uppermost in the minds of all those pushing for expansion. c. the federal government was not anxious to expand American territory, but would try to carry out the will of the people. d. many American voters strongly supported the idea of expansion. e. the West was destined to belong to the United States. ANS: D Which of these was not a consequence of continued American westward expansion? a. Native Americans saw their population and landholdings decline. b. The Market Revolution expanded. c. Slavery became a major and contentious political issue. d. Religious tolerance and freedom in the areas of expansion increased. e. Expansion offered the possibility of upward mobility via land ownership to more people. ANS: D Manifest destiny a. was the idea that America was destined by God to possess North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific. b. originated as a political slogan of Jacksonian democrats. c. described the shared beliefs of the Second Great Awakening. d. was a Native American term that described their commitment to resistance against Anglo-American settlers. e. referred to the fortunes gold seekers discovered in California. ANS: A What did Polk hope to get from provoking a war with Mexico? a. Full and certain ownership of Texas b. Control of much of Mexico's territory throughout the Southwest c. A morale boost by defeating the Mexicans handily d. Recognition from other major nations of the world e. Control of California, where gold had recently been discovered ANS: B What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? a. Mexico ceded parts of Texas and Utah but retained its other territories in the West. b. The Mexico-U.S. border was set at the Nueces River. c. The U.S. promised to vacate all of the territories it had occupied during the war. d. The U.S. acquired Utah, Nevada, California and parts of Arizona and New Mexico for $15 million. e. Mexico would become part of the United States. ANS: D The Impending Crisis Many white northern Democrats who opposed slavery a. hoped that when the slaves were freed they would come North for industrial work, where they would finally find acceptance. b. agreed to disagree with southern Democrats on the slavery issue, for the sake of party unity. c. believed, as southern whites did, in the legitimacy of white supremacy. d. thought slavery in the western territories would be acceptable, so long as the practice did not spread northward. e. did not understand how southern whites could stand to spend so much time around blacks. ANS: D The Free Soil Party a. was understood as the proper heir to the Federalist Party. b. argued that southern slave owners were blocking northern progress. c. was the first party in national politics committed to the abolition of slavery. d. embraced women's right to vote. e. opposed westward migration to avoid conflict with Native American tribes. ANS: B Which of these was not a part of the Compromise of 1850? a. California would join the Union as a free state. b. Slave auctions would be banned in the nation's capital. c. Congress passed a tougher Fugitive Slave Law. d. Texas would get $10 million but would have to stop trying to sway New Mexico toward adopting slavery. e. New Mexico and Utah could have slaves as long as they remained territories, but when they became states, slavery would end. ANS: B The Kansas-Nebraska Act upheld all of the following except a. popular sovereignty. b. the Missouri Compromise of 1820. c. slavery. d. the development of new territories. e. the establishment of new states. ANS: B The Civil War The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution a. abolished slavery. b. was passed by Congress in January 1865, while the war was still continuing. c. was ratified by enough Union states during the war to make it part of the Constitution. d. All of these choices. e. None of these choices. ANS: A Reconstruction, 1865-1877 The Fifteenth Amendment a. prohibited any state from denying citizens the right to vote on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. b. was initiated by the moderates in Congress who wanted to get the issue settled quickly. c. was designed to protect the rights of black males and immigrant, non-citizen males. d. was ratified and adopted in 1867, before any of the southern states returned to Congress. e. specifically denied women the right to vote. ANS: A Becoming a World Power In his famous 1893 essay, historian Frederick Jackson Turner bemoaned the loss of a frontier in America, because he believed that a. the frontier lifestyle was the most fulfilling. b. America would soon have clusters of large, crowded cities all across the land. c. the frontier had played a vital role in shaping America's national character, and the country would need a new frontier to ensure its democracy lived on. d. there would be no "escape valve" for those who could not get along with people, because there would be no more open land. e. too many Americans would consider the Pacific Ocean the end of the frontier and would not ever consider islands as a way to expand. ANS: C Individuals such as Josiah Strong believed that America had a moral duty to a. care for the poor and the weak. b. set up poor houses across the country. c. militarily help protect small countries from exploitation. d. take Christianity to those who had never heard of it. e. redistribute America's great wealth among all the people. ANS: D