Liberty and Justice

Speech excerpt, "What to the Slave is the 4th of July?" Frederick Douglass, July 5, 1852 What, to the American slave, is your 4th ofJuly? I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim, To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciation of tyrants, brass fronted impudence; your shouts of liberty and equality, hol­ low mockery; your prayers ;md hymns, yoll! sermons and thanksgivings, with ail your reli­ gious parade and solemnity, are, to Him, mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety. and hypocrisy - :1. thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices more shocking and bloody than are the people of the United States, at this very hour. ...Allow me to say, in conclusion, notwithstanding the dark picture I have this day present­ ed, of the state of the m.tion, I do not despair of this country. There are forces in opera­ tion which must inevitably work the downfall of slavery. "The arm of the Lord is not shortened," and the doom of slave1y is certain. I, therefore, leave off where i began, with . hope. While drawing encouragement from "the Declaration of Independence," the great principles it contains, and the genius of American Institutions, my spirit is also cheered by the obvious tendencies of the age. Nations do not now stand in the same relation to each other that they did ages ago. No nation can now shut itself up from the surrounding world and trot round in the same old path of its fathers without interference. Excerpt from Speech: VJ/hat to the Slave is the 4th ofJuly?, Frederick Douglass,July 5, 1852 I ,:,,,_,-. .I ,'/'._, { Investigator Names Speech excerpt, "What to the Slave is the 4th of July?" Frederick Douglass, July 5, 1852 What is the subject of this speech? What do you know about the person who gave this speech? What was going on at this time that can help you better understand this speech? What is Mr. Douglass' viewpoint? In what ways do you think his life experience influenced his viewpoint? --------------------------------------In what ways does he use language to hook or persuade the listener? How would you describe the tone of this speech? How do you think those opposed to slavery reacted to this speech? Why? How do think those who supported slavery reacted to this speech? Why? After investigating this evidence what questions do you have? Where would you go for more information or answers to your questions about this evidence? !_ r;n (J( I ,-, ' _,, ,C ') :") Name ____________________ -�� ifravel in a Growing Nation � Time and Change I. Turn to pages 52-53 of the Atlas. Read the overview. Also look at the two pictures. Use the information to answer the following questions. a. When was the steamboat invented? --------- b. What was the fastest and cheapest way to travel in the early 1800s? c. What was the main overland method of travel until the 1830s? ------- d. What new overland method of transportation improved travel in the 1840s? � People and Their Environments 2, Look at the map "Natural Waterways." Write the waterways that would be used to complete a journey between each pair of cities. a. Boston to Baltimore b. New York to St. Louis c. New Orleans to Pittsburgh d. Savannah to Providence � Links Far and Near 3. Look at the maps "Natural Waterways" and "A Network of Canals." Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false. a. Before 1825 there was no way to travel by water across New York State between New York City and Buffalo. ____ b. Canals connected the Great Lakes with s,everal rivers leading to the Mississippi River. --�c. Canals allowed boats to cross Pennsylvania. -�-d. Most canals were built in the North. ---- e. Canals linked the James River with the Ohio River. ____ Name __�------------------ ilh >Ni,{""'j E:RA 4 * United $tates_�i�¥�i;y;i,.i,:.' ell, Places, Regions, and Landscapes 4. Look at the map "A Network of Canals." Match two places that were connected by a canal. a. Illinois River • • Cleveland b. Albany• • Lake Michigan c. New Haven• • Connecticut River d. Ohio River• � Juniata River e. Philadelphia • • Buffalo ?a, Gathering the Facts 5. Look at the map 'Travel Time From New York." Write the time it would take in 1830 to get from New York City to the following cities. a. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania b. Buffalo, New York cc- New Orleans,-Louisianad. St. Louis, Missouri e. La Grosse, Wisconsin * History Through Maps 6. Look at the map "Mismatched Railroads." Use the information on the map to complete the followingjournal entry. We started out in Boston and traveled along a track __________ wide tb New York. We needed to get to Philadelphia so we _______ trains. The new track was an inch and a half wider. Once in Philadelphia, we switched trains to get to Cincinnati. The track was the same _____ , or width, as the one we took from Boston to New York. Once in Cincinnati, we realized we would need to go to St. Louis. So we switched trains to one with a gauge of _______ . After a few days in St. Louis, we decided to travel west to Kansas City. We started on a track ___________ wide. Later we switched to a track that was almost _____ inches narrower. Kansas City was as far _______ as we could go by train. ERA Expansion and Reform 1801-1861 4 "I' New Yori< City - Philadelphia te ond 1860 railroad lines ran through most of the eastern United States. I'/\. Americans relied on horses for most long-distance travel W in the East until the 1830s, and in the West for at least a generation longer. NATURAL WATERWAYS 1-----* -------· Improvements in transportation, especially by water, cut travel times in half between 1800 and 1830. As a result, more Americans traveled west to settle or do business. ' D United States, 1825 - Inland boat service - Coastal steamboat service TRAVEL TIME FROM NEW YORK CITY 1830 1-----*-----• 200 0 0 200 C) 400 kilometers l llt\l\.' ,1111/\,; d t'l'. 11 200 400 kilornerers t /r: .·/ l \\ I :1 La Crosse t,\ h1.1,k.1 t l'I I -100 milts -' �::;:=::::� Because there were few passable roads in the young nation, heavy goods going long distances usually were transported on waterways. Compare this map with map B on page 24. (� :\IN ) C� 200 0 400 miles ••. I. elphia ·- ore DE gton, D.C. h ·' "'·" Kansas City l"n1. d 1 i·�.il·�: or< ity I,\ '\ I G . Robert Fulton invented the first successful steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807. Steamboats soon dominated eastern waterways. By 1860 they also were the primary mode of travel on western rivers. MISMATCHED RAILROADS i-------* _____.... Railroad Gauge (distance between rails) - 6 feet - 5 feet 6 inches - 5 feet - 4 feet 1 0 inches - 4 feet 8½ inches l'uo1�.1ni✓1.·d 1\:n. In 1825 the Erie Canal made the trip from New York to the Great Lakes cheaper and faster than the same trip by road. By 1850 a network of canals linked the Northeast and Midwest. Political boundaries of 1860 150 I.,\ 0 300 miles 300 kilomecers A. Train cars could run only on rails of a V""�".,,, 150 �ew .Orlean W certain gauge, or distance apart. In 11, o.c. the mid-1800s, several changes of train might be necessary on a long trip. ... 6 A NETWORK OF CANALS 1------*------1 ......, Canal - Navigable river () Political boundaries "of 1850 'I 100 0 1 100 200 miles 200 kilometers