Carbohydrate Metabolism

University:
University of Phoenix
Course:
BIO 350 | General Biology I
Academic year:

2022
Views:

291

Pages:

4
Author:

ilikemyicons0y5

INTRO TO BIOCHEM CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM • GLYCOLYSIS & THE GLYCOLYTIC PATHWAY • GLUCONEOGENESIS • RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLYCOLYSIS & GLUCONEOGENESIS CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM Fates of dietary glucose The major source of dietary carbohydrate for humans is starch from consumed plant material. This is supplemented with a small amount of glycogen from animal tissue, disaccharides such as sucrose from products containing refined sugar and lactose in milk. Digestion in the gut converts all carbohydrate to monosaccharides which are transported to the liver and converted to glucose. The liver has a central role in the storage and distribution within the body of all fuels, including glucose. Glucose in the body undergoes one of three metabolic fates : • It is catabolised to produce ATP This occurs in all peripheral tissues, particularly in brain, muscle and kidney. • It is stored as glycogen This storage occurs in liver and muscle. • It is converted to fatty acids Once converted to fatty acids, these are stored in adipose tissue as triglycerides. Glucose catabolism Glucose will be oxidised by all tissues to synthesise ATP. The first pathway which begins the complete oxidation of glucose is called glycolysis. GLYCOLYSIS This pathway cleaves the six carbon glucose molecule (C6H12O6) into two molecules of the three carbon compound pyruvate (C3H3O3-). This oxidation is coupled to the net production of two molecules of ATP/glucose.