Earth Science 54 Answers

Earth Science 1. Lithosphere is the earth's rock layer Hydrosphere is the earth's water layer EARTH Atmosphere is the earth's air layer. (clase) 2. Erosion is to carry away rock sediments. RIVER, WIND GRAVITY Atmosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere (Far away) 3. Physical weathering is to breakdown and keeps the same substance. ex: ripping paper, tree root action. time (rip) ㅁㅁ Chemical weathering is to breakdown and get a new substance. ex: burning paper to ash, rust. time (burn) 4. Gravity, wind, water, and glaciers are forces of erosion. Wind and moving water make sediments round in shape and gravity and glacier are angular. 5. Earthquakes, volcanoes, and faults (crack in the earth's crust) are found near plate boundaries. 6. Earthquakes produce P and S waves. P waves are primary waves that go through solids and liquids. S waves are secondary waves that only go through solids. The earth's interior has been learned by studying P and S waves. Water Earthquake -No "S" Waves 7. The crust is the outer layer of the earth. The ocean crust is thinner than the continental crust. Continental Plakes Moving 8. The mantle is the earth's second layer. The magma in the mantle moves in currents which causes the tectonic plates to move. The magma in the mantle rises through the cracks in the ocean floor causing seafloor spreading. Seafloor spreading is proven by the age of the rocks with their relationship to the distance of the crack. USA] Atlantic YOUNG Ocean EUROPE OLD MAGMA 9. The outer core is the third layer and is a liquid.OLD 10. The inner core is the forth layer and is a solid. 11. All the continents fit together as one super continent called Pangaea. 12. Weather is the daily conditions of the atmosphere. Climate is the yearly average of the daily weather. SUMTWTIF S WEATHER term) JFMAMJASOND (CLIMATE 13. The layers of the atmosphere are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. The troposphere is the only layer that has water. 14. The atmosphere contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other. 15. Air temperature is measured with a thermometer. 16. Air pressure is measured with a barometer. N2 USA SAfrica 6. O -other AIR HD AIK HDHO 17. Humidity is the moisture in the air that is measured with a hygrometer or a psychomotor. Low HUMIDITY HIGA HUMIDITY 18. Wind speed is measured with an anemometer and wind direction is measured with the wind vane. WEST EAST WEST WIND 19. Wind is caused by the uneven heating of the earth's surface. We name wind by the direction in which it came from. 20. The three cloud types are cumulus, stratus, and cirrus. 21. The five forms of precipitation are rain, hail, snow, sleet, and drizzle. We measure rain with a rain gauge. 22. Insolation stands for incoming solar radiation. Warm are rises co Id air sinks. The earth's round shape causes different angles of insolation. 23. The coriolis effect is the turning or deflection of the wind and ocean currents caused by the earth's rotation. WARM COLD 24. The water cycle contains the processes of evaporation, condensation precipitation and transpiration. * 25. Climate is affected by latitude, bodies of water and mountains. 26. The windward side of the mountain is near the body of water, receives wind and clouds. The leeward side of the mountain has very little wind and a drier climate. WET COLD 27. An air mass gets its characteristics from the area it's formed over. The four main conditions are polar, tropical, continental, and maritime. cold land water < CP MRT HOT DRY 28. High pressure systems bring dry weather and clear skies. Low pressure systems bring cloudy and damp weather. High+Dy Low et 29. A cold front is when a cold mass pushes a warm mass. A warm front is when a warm mass pushes a cold mass. Precipitation is found along fronts. 30. Isotherms connect points of equal temperatures, 50f 50°F 60F 3 31. Isobars connect points of equal air pressure. 70F 60°F 70°F 32. Greenhouse effect traps CO2 in the atmosphere increasing global warming. RAIN 33. Rotation is to spin on its axis. Earth's Rotation rate is 15 degrees per hour = 24 hours. 360° 24 hrs. = 15%hc 34. Revolution is to orbit around the sun. Earth's revolution rate is 1 degree per day = 365 days. 360° FAST 3 SUN 35. When the Earth is close to the sun, we travel faster and the pull of gravity is stronger. 36. The main reason for seasons is the tilt of the earth. NY SUMMER NY WIN SLOW 37. Winter solstice is Dec. 21, 9 hrs of light, sun strikes tropic of Capricorn 23.5°S, and we are close to sun. clases CAPRICORN 38. Summer solstice is June 21, 15 hrs of light, sun strikes tropic of cancer 23.5°N, and we are far from the sun. farther ← CARCER 39. Equinoxes are fall - March 21, spring - Sept. 23, 12 hrs of light, and the sun strikes the equator. EQUATOR 40. The angle of the sun affects your shadow. The lower the angle of the sun, the longer your shadow. Low angles occur in winter and at sunrise and sunset. High angles occur in summer and at noon. مد 41. Heliocentric model is when the sun is in the center and geocentric model is when the earth is in the center. Heus GED, 42. Constellations and the sun (a star) help prove the Earth rotates. 43. My very educated mother just served us nine pizzas - Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, (and Pluto.) 44. Asteroid belit separates the small solid plants from the giant gaseous planets which are between Mars and Jupiter. Sun REVOLUTION LONGEST (P) 45. The farther the planet is from the sun, the longer the revolution. 46. The Moon orbits the Earth and spins on its axis at same rate of 29½ days. Rotation = revolution. (the dark side of the moon....Pink Floyd) 47. The phases of the moon are the apparent changes in the shape caused by the earth's view of the moon. Phases of the moon are: new moon, crescent moon, half moon, gibbous, and full moon. 48. The earth's tides are caused by the moon's gravity and are cyclic. 49. An eclipse occurs when the earth, sun, and moon line up. TIME TIME A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes through the earth's shadow. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon casts its shadow on the earth. SOLAR LUNAR 50. In space, a rock is called a meteoroid, in the atmosphere it's a meteor and on earth's surface it's a meteorite. 51. The earth is in the solar system which is in the Milky Way galaxy which is in the universe. Planet Solar System→ Galaxy →Universe. 52. The color of the star determines its temperature, red is cool, and blue is hot. ALL 53. Hydrogen (H) is the main fuel of the sun, H+H = Helium (He). This is called nuclear fusion. FUSION 54. Gas and dust make a star which has a life cycle: star stable star compact starred giant nova white dwarf.