Earth Science Chapter 9 Smartworks Activity Answers

1. Order the steps in the formation of a disconformity. a. (start to finish) sediments were deposited in a marine environment, sea level fell exposing marine deposits subaerially, erosion took place, sea level rose covering the erosional surface which was buried by marine sediments 2. In this relative age dating interactivity, order the geologic events chronologically from oldest to youngest, with the oldest being labeled "1st" and the youngest being labeled "4th." (Note: The fault and the igneous dike are two of the events to be ordered.) a. (left to right) 1st, 4th, 3rd, 2nd 3. Which form of geologic dating is best used to identify when each rock type formed? a. Numerical Dating: igneous, metamorphic b. Relative Dating: sedimentary 4. Rank the following modes of preservation according to their ability to preserve an organism’s original living condition and body details. a. (most representative to least representative) original preservation, recrystallization, casts, carbonization 5. Order the steps in the formation of an angular unconformity. a. (start to finish) sediments are deposited and lithified, regional mountain building takes place, and sedimentary layers are folded into anticlines, erosion takes place, sediments are deposited on top of an erosional surface 6. In this relative age dating interactivity, order the geologic events chronologically from oldest to youngest, with the oldest being labeled "1st" and the youngest being labeled "4th." (Note: The fault, the angular unconformity, and the black layer (with the x symbols) are three of the events to be ordered.) a. (left to right) 1st, 4th, 2nd, 3rd 7. Match the following fossils to the most likely mode of preservation. a. Molds: early bird b. Carbonization: fern c. Permineralization: petrified wood d. Original: shells 8. Geologists use epochs to further divide geologic eras and periods. Put the following epochs from the Cenozoic Era in chronological order, from the earliest to the most recent. a. (youngest to oldest) pliocene, miocene, oligocene, eocene, paleocene 9. Based on what you know about how fossils are created, rank the following organisms based on the likelihood that they would be preserved in the fossil record. a. (least likely to most likely) jellyfish, plant leaf, coyote, fish, clam 10. Given the relationships shown in the block, what is the relative age of the features labeled, from oldest to youngest? a. (oldest to youngest) sedimentary rocks, pluton, fault, dike 11. This outcrop of Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks in northern Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, provides a great example of the kinds of relative age relationships that geologists observe in the field. Put the features in order from oldest (bottom) to youngest (top). The rocks have not been overturned. a. (youngest to oldest) fault, conglomerate, mafic intrusion, felsic crystalline rocks 12. Use the above drawings of stratigraphic columns in Bryce Canyon/Cedar Breaks, Zion Canyon/Painted Desert, and the Grand Canyon area, and the principles of cross correlation, to place the geologic formation in time order. a. (youngest to oldest) Dakota Sandstone, Curtis Formation, Wingate Sandstone, Supai Formation, Zoroaster Granite, Vishnu Schist 13. In this relative age dating interactivity, order the geologic events chronologically from oldest to youngest, with the oldest being labeled "1st" and the youngest being labeled "4th." (Note: The fault on the right-hand side of the image and the igneous dike on the left-hand side of the image are two of the events to be ordered.) a. (left to right) 4th, 1st, 3rd, 2nd 14. Order the steps in the formation of a nonconformity. a. (start to finish) sedimentary layers are deposited and lithified, a granite pluton intrudes sedimentary rock layers, erosion takes place exposing the pluton at the surface, sedimentary deposition occurs again covering the erosional surface 15. The diagram depicts the distribution of rock units and structures in a given location. Indicate the type of unconformity shown and the type of underlying geologic structure by labeling the image. a. (left to right) disconformity, syncline, angular unconformity 16. The accompanying images show common types of invertebrate fossils. Identify each of the fossils by placing the label with the correct image. a. (top left, bottom left, top right, bottom right) Trilobite, graptolite, crinoid, bryozoan 17. The images show some common types of fossil preservation. Identify each type of preservation by dragging the label to the correct image. a. (top left, bottom left, top right, bottom right) preservation in amber, permineralization, preservation of hard parts, molds and casts 18. The Grand Canyon provides amazing exposures of sedimentary strata. This is a view from the North Rim looking to the southeast. Geologists subdivide the succession of strata into stratigraphic formations that can be traced across the landscape. Consult the stratigraphic column for the Grand Canyon in your text or ebook. Identify the strata by dragging the labels to the appropriate targets. a. 19. Place the units shown in the diagram into their order of occurrence by dragging labels into the correct position in the ranking (youngest at the top; oldest at the bottom). a. (youngest to oldest) Bed E, Dike H, Batholith G, Fault F, Bed A