Language and Culture Unit 1 Lecture 3

ASL Deaf Gain – using deaf as an advantage Behavioral Norms – tapping, visual communication, pointing, etiquette don’t voice in presence of death Deaf Values – ASL preservation, respect for the people and culture, closeness from visual and looking at the person speaking and a concern for the community and individual ASL Literature – storytelling, plays, poetry, theater, films, visual art, organizations NAD, architecture Threats to Deaf community – “curing” by medical technology instead of learning ASL, closing clubs Contextualization Cues Gumperz = stress and intronization, paralinguistic features (laugher), code choice (different language), lexical expressions = what you are communicating with the words you are saying Bridging gap between writing and emotions ​ formal vs. Informal writing AFFORDANCES (capitalization, exclamation marks, removing question marks, punctuation) Strong Feeling = Writing in all caps – overriding the convention Ironic Lengthening = substitution, ex. Stoopid Politics for Transcription Interpretive Decisions: meaning of speech, what they said, did you hear it, did you understand it Representational Decisions: actual form where it’s written and how Two types of Transcription Naturalized: ordinary sentences and flow that affect unconscious interpretation Denaturized: harder to read, depart from the standard expectations, include symbols Eye Dialect: whether it’s spelled correctly or not, it is pronounced the same No such thing as a neutral transcript, it is always bias = use own analysis 2.Lanugage and Culture Language Diversity is ideologically erased in American society Armik Mirzayan Presentation ●​ Learned English in classroom setting = was hardest to learn Language Varieties – accents that cause difficulty to understand until it erases with time when gets used to it Can’t label a language or dialect or accent (army and navy statement) Language Ideologies ●​ Ideas and attitudes = distinguish one’s speech as different and doesn’t want to listen ●​ Systems of reward = change one’s speech to be same as others to succeed (immigrants teaching kids English instead of native language to succeed) ●​ Institutional paraphernalia = system of Standarization of standard English (schools) Diglossia in the Arabic-speaking World Different standard language based on modern standard Arabic. Two forms of language of Arabic language culture that people are expected to know both. Informal + Formal System. Monoglot Standard in the U.S. Any standard language has a bias, which is imposed by dominant instuitional like written lang. Cone Diagram – changes with language, region, and country alters value Top – good English that everyone should be speaking Arrows out of center that drop down – dialects or any variation in the standard The more the arrows out/drop down, the less value the language has (readings) Lippi Green – different way of speaking places one way above the other that creates a Standard of speech to follow. Causes accent discrimination, but it is so common that it has been accepted and appropriate to do so. Kaplan – different accent that can’t change but puts one accent above another and a hierarchy of a standard accent to follow and that speaking can be fixed, divergence to monoglot standard. The person that isn’t the standard is the problem, instead of the system being the problem. Languages have emotions to it, the less familiar people like it less = causes an impression about the kind of speech and about the people who use it Language Shift is not Functional Language is a semiotic process Something meaning when switching languages = changing identities