Language and Culture Unit 1 Lecture 5

Schegloff, “Formulating Place” Grammaticality – structural well formedness Felicity – Appropriateness to context Location Analysis – co presence, commonsense geography to where we are in location Membership Analysis – only using names that you expect that person to know, not by “kayli’s house” but by this street name Activity Analysis – the purpose of the talk to determine if certain terms are appropriate Observation Analysis – location of participants, membership, conversation goals Adjacency Pairs (say or do something, a response is required) Question – answer Someone asks a question; the person gives some sort of answer. Not just silence Vocative (address by name) Calls someone out, the person responds or makes a sign (eye-contact) Greeting Saying hi back or giving a sign of recognition Conversational Universals ●​ 200 millisecond turn switches (the response time in a normal conversation) ●​ Yes/No Questions Conversation machine Cooperative activity – joint action Social cognition – attunement to what others think, feel, mean, trying to do Moral commitment to the “with” we are in (making things smooth, preserving participants face ●​ Not saying goodbye makes you feel bad, as not holding up end of bargain Assumption of relevance ●​ Why this now? ●​ Relevance of delay (willing/ less willing) ○​ Traffic Signals (um, uh, cough, pause, breath, throat clearing, silence) ○​ Reggeized Use – all understand the delays as a delayer that brings focus to what comes next ○​ Continuers – coordination among participants that continues the conversation but is hidden from view. ex. Mhm hm (not transcribed, but it’s there in speech) ○​ Participant Observation – person is the probe (listening with different ears) Cross-Cultural Miscommunication ●​ Relationship between ethnicity and conversation style because ways of speaking are learned from those around us as we grow up ●​ Style is added on ●​ Interational Dynamics - (one type is schismogenesis –creation of differences between one another)) ○​ People have ways to get along with each other based on their similarities ○​ Looking at miscommunication as a process ○​ Complementary: divergent responses maintain asymmetry (space between people) ex. Park bench scooting to maintain space/asymmetry until falls off ​ ex. Mansplaining, reiterating the same thing over ○​ Symmetrical: create intensification ex. Tannen’s co-stylistic interchange (arms war or two people continuing to talk over each other) adding on, not maintain ●​ New York Jewish Conversational Style – gives info on how to get the floor on introducing and being persistent on topics, stories as a genre and emotional, pacing as avoiding pauses and turn-taking, and expressive paralinguistics as pitch and amplitude shifts. ○​ Latching – leaving as little of space as possible between speech ●​ Conversation as a moral enterprise ○​ Emotional/aesthetic experience to create a smooth and successful conversation based on their own preferences and person that they are ○​ Linguistic Stereotyping to linguistic insecurity ■​ Getting judged for own type of speech to trying to “fix” speech to fit in ■​ Caution about change – what type of speech is the “right one”