The Twentieth Century and Beyond (206-291 Answer Key)

206. The backbone of a jazz ensemble is its A. director. B. brass section. C. rhythm section. D. clarinet section. Answer: C 207. The rhythm section of a jazz ensemble usually does not include the A. Banjo/guitar B. Piano C. Vibraphone D. Percussion Answer: C 208. Ragtime flourished in the United States A. just before the Civil War. B. from the 1860s to about 1890. C. from the 1890s to about 1915. D. between the two world wars. Answer: C 209. Ragtime is A. a style of composed piano music. B. performed at a moderate march tempo. C. generally in duple meter. D. All answers are correct. Answer: D 210. Which of the following categories of black folk music is not considered one of the sources for the blues? A. The field hollers of slaves B. Gospel C. Spirituals D. Work songs Answer: B 211. The poetic and musical form of the blues was popularized in the early years of the twentieth century through the publication of Memphis Blues and St. Louis Blues, composed by A. Bessie Smith. B. Louis Armstrong. C. William C. Handy. D. King Oliver. Answer: C 212. Which of the following popular styles does not have the blues as a basic source? A. Country and western B. Rock and roll C. Rhythm and blues D. Soul Answer: A 213. The blues A. usually follow a 12-bar pattern as a basis for improvisation. B. can be happy or sad, fast or slow. C. may be vocal or instrumental. D. All answers are correct. Answer: D 214. Blues music is usually written in ________ time. A. 4/4 B. 3/4 C. 6/8 D. 2/4 Answer: A 215. The chord progression usually used in the blues involves only three basic chords: tonic, dominant, and A. supertonic. B. mediant. C. subdominant. D. submediant. Answer: C 216. Vocal blues often A. contain sexual references. B. are intensely personal. C. deal with the pain of betrayal, desertion, and unrequited love. D. All answers are correct. Answer: D 217. The most famous blues singer of the 1920s, known as the "empress of the blues", was A. Bessie Smith. B. Lil Hardin. C. Gertrude “Ma” Rainey. D. Ella Fitzgerald. Answer: A 218. New Orleans style Dixieland flourished in the United States A. from the 1860s to about 1890. B. from the 1890s to about 1900. C. from 1900 to 1917. D. from 1917 to 1935. Answer: C 219. The major center of jazz from about 1900 to 1917 was A. Chicago. B. New Orleans. C. New York. D. Kansas City. Answer: B 220. The "front line" of a Dixieland group included A. cornet, clarinet, and trombone. B. drums, bass, and banjo. C. piano. D. All answers are correct. Answer: A 221. The melodic instruments, or cornet, clarinet, and trombone, of a Dixieland band were known as the A. stars. B. front line. C. rear line. D. combo. Answer: B 223. The most distinctive feature of New Orleans style jazz was A. the use of a saxophone for the melody. B. collective improvisation by the front line. C. solo breaks by the rhythm instruments. D. its lack of syncopated melodies. Answer: B 224. The jazz style called swing flourished in America from A. 1900-1917. B. 1917-1935. C. 1935-1945. D. 1945-1955. Answer: C 225. The rhythm section of a swing band normally consisted of A. piano, percussion, guitar, and bass. B. percussion, guitar, and bass. C. piano, percussion, and bass. D. piano, percussion, and guitar. Answer: A 226. The typical swing band had about fifteen musicians, grouped into three sections: A. saxophones, trumpets, and trombones. B. saxophones, brasses, and rhythm. C. trumpets, trombones, and rhythm. D. saxophones, brasses, and piano. Answer: B 227. One of the most important solo instruments of the swing era was the A. cornet. B. guitar. C. tuba. D. saxophone. Answer: D 228. Short repeated melodic phrases frequently used during the swing era are called A. riffs. B. breaks. C. gigs. D. tags. Answer: A 229. To create tension and excitement, arrangers for swing bands often used a rapid alternation of brass and sax riffs, or A. free improvisational solos. B. short codas. C. short repeated melodic phrases. D. choruses. Answer: C 230. Duke Ellington was an important figure in A. swing. B. ragtime. C. bebop. D. All answers are correct. Answer: A 231. Duke Ellington's compositions are outstanding because they A. have a rich variety of tone colors. B. are richer in harmony. C. explore the distinctive sounds of individual musicians. D. All answers are correct. Answer: D 232. Bebop differed from earlier jazz forms in that it A. used simple harmonies. B. was meant for attentive listening, not dancing. C. used written arrangements with little improvisation. D. All answers are correct. Answer: B 233. Bebop, as a musical style, developed in the A. 1930s. B. early 1940s. C. 1950s. D. early 1960s. Answer: B 234. In bebop, the beat of the music was mainly marked by the A. piano. B. bass drum. C. pizzicato bass. D. trumpet. Answer: C 235. A typical bebop group might include A. two lead guitars, bass guitar, and drums. B. fourteen to fifteen musicians, grouped into three basic sections. C. a saxophone, a trumpet, and a rhythm section of piano, bass, and percussion. D. a cornet, a clarinet, a trombone, and a rhythm section of piano, bass, guitar, and percussion. Answer: C 236. One of the greatest of all jazz improvisers and a towering figure among bebop musicians was the saxophonist A. Charlie Parker. B. Thelonious Monk. C. Buddy Rich. D. Dizzy Gillespie. Answer: A 237. A bebop performance generally began and ended with A. a statement of the main theme by one or two soloists in unison. B. a statement of the main theme by the whole combo in unison. C. improvisational sections by the soloists. D. free sections by the rhythm instruments to set the beat and tempo. Answer: A 238. The following can be said about free jazz: A. It disregarded regular forms and established chord patterns. B. It can be compared to chance music. C. It began in the early 1960s. D. All answers are correct. Answer: D 239. Cool jazz A. was related to bop but was calmer and more relaxed in character. B. consisted of short pieces freely improvised. C. used traditional jazz instrumental combinations. D. All answers are correct. Answer: A 240. Cool jazz emerged A. between 1924 and 1935. B. between 1935 and 1945. C. during the late 1940s and early 50s. D. in the 1960s. Answer: C 241. Which of the following is not associated with cool jazz? A. Ornette Coleman B. Lennie Tristano C. Stan Getz D. Miles Davis Answer: A 242. The leading figures in the free jazz movement were A. Charlie Parker and Thelonious Monk. B. Dave Brubeck and Lennie Tristano. C. Joe Zawinul and Wayne Shorter. D. John Coltrane and Ornette Coleman. Answer: D 243. Which of the following is not a characteristic of fusion? A. B. C. D. The percussion section is smaller than in earlier jazz. Rock rhythms and tone colors are combined with the jazz musician's improvisation. The group typically includes acoustic instruments along with synthesizers, guitar, and bass. Acoustic instruments are often used with electric attachments that expand the range of tonal effects. Answer: A 244. The bebop musician who spearheaded developments in cool jazz and then jazz rock is A. Miles Davis. B. Meyer Davis. C. Thelonious Monk. D. Charlie Parker. Answer: A 245. Which of the following musicals was not made into a movie? A. Sound of Music B. Chicago C. Rent D. Batboy Answer: D 246. A _________ is a type of theater that fuses a dramatic script, acting, and spoken dialogue with music, singing, and dancing. A. vaudeville show B. song cycle C. musical comedy D. revue Answer: C 247. Which of the following is not a source of the American musical? A. The revue B. The minstrel show C. Operetta D. Vaudeville Answer: B 248. William S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan were the writers of A. Oklahoma!. B. Sunday in the Park with George. C. The Mikado. D. Sweeney Todd. Answer: C 249. The Mikado, widely performed in the United States around the turn of the century, was written by A. B. C. D. Cole Porter. Victor Herbert. W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II. Answer: C 250. A golden era of American musical theater was created from about A. 1776-1820. B. 1850-1875. C. 1920-1960. D. 1980 to the present. Answer: C 251. Some of the composers who contributed to the creation of the golden era of American musical theater were A. William S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan. B. George Gershwin, Cole Porter, Richard Rodgers, and Frank Loesser. C. Giacomo Puccini, Giuseppe Verdi, and Richard Wagner. D. Stephen Sondheim and Andrew Lloyd Webber. Answer: B 252. Slaughter on Tenth Avenue, the ballet used in the climax of On Your Toes, was choreographed by A. Stephen Sondheim. B. Mikhail Baryshnikov. C. George Balanchine. D. Agnes de Mille. Answer: C 253. Leonard Bernstein was a well-known A. composer of orchestral and vocal works. B. author-lecturer. C. conductor. D. All answers are correct. Answer: D 254. The composer, conductor, and pianist who began his spectacular career as substitute conductor of the New York Philharmonic on only a few hours' notice was A. Richard Rodgers. B. Cole Porter. C. Steven Sondheim. D. Leonard Bernstein. Answer: D 255. In addition to his famous musicals, Leonard Bernstein also wrote successful A. ballets. B. choral works. C. symphonies. D. All answers are correct. Answer: D 256. Leonard Bernstein was influenced, particularly in his ballets, by A. Delibes and Tchaikovsky. B. Stravinsky and Copland. C. Bach and Handel. D. Verdi and Wagner. Answer: B 257. Which of the following musicals is not by Leonard Bernstein? A. West Side Story B. Wonderful Town C. On the Town D. Cats Answer: D 258. The musical loosely based on Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is A. West Side Story. B. Sweeney Todd. C. Cats. D. On Your Toes. Answer: A 259. In West Side Story, the two star-crossed lovers are A. Anthony and Cleopatra. B. Tristan and Isolde. C. Tony and Maria. D. Bernardo and Maria. Answer: C 260. West Side Story contains A. a conventional range of popular styles, B. an unprecedented fusion of song and drama with electrifying violent choreography, C. less music than the average Broadway show, D. All answers are correct. Answer: B 261. The lyrics for West Side Story were written by A. Oscar Hammerstein II. B. Stephen Sondheim. C. Jerome Robbins. D. Leonard Bernstein. Answer: B 262. In West Side Story the introduction to “America” is based on a type of Puerto Rican song and dance music known as A. Malambo. B. Huapango. C. Seis. D. Samba. Answer: C 263. In West Side Story the tempo used in the main part of the song “America” comes from a type of Mexican dance known as A. Malambo. B. Huapango. C. Seis. D. Samba. Answer: B 264. In West Side Story the song “America” is given a Hispanic flavor with the use of alternations between A. very fast and slower tempos. B. vocalist and different groups of percussion instruments. C. 6/8 and 3/4 meter. D. loud and soft dynamics. Answer: C 265. The Latin atmosphere heard in “America” from West Side Story is achieved through the use of such South American instruments as A. claves, guiro, and guitar. B. marachas, tambourine, and guitar. C. bongos, congas, and claves. D. guitar, claves, and marachas. Answer: A 266. The dramatic importance of dance throughout West Side Story is illustrated through Bernstein’s frequent use of A. ensemble dances. B. instrumental interludes intended only for dancing. C. dance and singing simultaneously. D. dance in important scenes. Answer: B 267. Which of the following is not a function of film music? A. Provide momentum and continuity B. Suggest mood and atmosphere C. Suggest character D. Provide songs for the actors to sing Answer: D 268. Movie soundtracks can contain A. original music and previously existing compositions. B. original music and the director's comments. C. director's comments and previously existing compositions. D. director's comments and actors' comments. Answer: A 269. Since the 1960's most film music is composed by A. dead white European males. B. studio staff composers. C. freelance composers. D. directors and actors. Answer: C 270. Which of the following is not a valuable tool for a film composer? A. Stopwatch B. Baton C. Piano D. Film projector Answer: B 271. The idea of musical themes for characters (leitmotifs) was developed by which 19th Century composer? A. B. C. Debussy Brahms Mozart D. Wagner Answer: D 272. Which of the following characters has a distinctive leitmotif? A. Captain Kirk B. Luke Skywalker C. Darth Vader D. Darth Maul Answer: C 273. Which of the following does not have a distinctive leitmotif? A. Captain Kirk B. Darth Vader C. James Bond D. the shark from Jaws Answer: A 274. One of the most important American composers of film scores who often collaborated with Alfred Hitchcock was A. Leonard Bernstein. B. Richard Rodgers. C. Bernard Hermann. D. John Williams. Answer: C 275. In the “Tower Scene” from Vertigo composer Bernard Hermann raises the tension of the evolving dramatic situation through his use of such orchestral effects as A. string tremolos. B. sustained dissonant chords. C. rapid ostinatos and repeated notes. D. All answers are correct. Answer: D 276. Rock has been defined as A. B. C. a folk-like guitar-based style associated with rural white Americans. an African-American dance music that fused blues, jazz, and gospel styles. vocal music with a hard, driving beat, often featuring electric guitar accompaniment and heavily amplified sound. D. a blend of rhythm and blues and popular music. Answer: C 277. Early rock grew mainly out of __________, a dance music of African Americans that fused blues, jazz, and gospel styles. A. rhythm and blues B. disco C. country and western D. Motown Answer: A 278. An African American dance music that fused blues, jazz, and gospel styles is known as A. country and western. B. rock. C. rhythm and blues. D. disco. Answer: C 279. A folk-like, guitar-based style associated with rural white Americans is known as A. country and western. B. soul. C. rhythm and blues. D. Motown. Answer: A 280. The first big hit of the earliest leading rock and roll group was A. A Day in the Life. B. Blowing in the Wind. C. Rock Around the Clock. D. Blackboard Jungle. Answer: C 281. In the 1950's it was customary to have white performers record songs already released by black performers. This practice was called A. dubbing. B. copying. C. covering. D. stealing. Answer: C 282. During the 1960's much of the rock music by black performers was called A. country and western. B. soul. C. gospel. D. rock and roll. Answer: B 283. ______________ is described as a type of soul music that blended rhythm and blues with popular music. A. Country and western B. Gospel C. Rhythm and blues D. Motown Answer: D 284. The Beatles's influence on American rock music may be seen through later performer's use of A. "classical" and nonwestern instruments. B. new electronic effects. C. unconventional scales, chord progressions, and rhythms. D. All answers are correct. Answer: D 285. Many of the bands in the second British invasion (1980s) used electronic technology and often featured A. outlandish costumes. B. saxophone solos. C. female singers. D. psychedelic light shows. Answer: A 286. Bands such as New Order and The Cure were part of A. psychedelic rock. B. funk rock. C. the first Caribbean invasion. D. the second British invasion. Answer: D 287. Many of the bands in the second British invasion made use of A. large sections of wind instruments. B. acoustic instruments. C. electronic technology like computers. D. American managers and producers. Answer: C 288. Rock is based on a powerful beat in quadruple meter with strong accents on _____________ of each bar. A. the second and fourth beats B. the first beat C. the first and third beats D. all four beats Answer: A 289. The harmonic progressions of rock are usually A. limited to only two chords. B. the same as earlier popular music. C. quite simple. D. extremely complex. Answer: C 290. Rock songs A. are always built on modes, rather than the traditional major or minor scales. B. tend to have short melodic patterns that are repeated several times. C. avoid the 12-bar blues form. D. usually have very sophisticated harmonic progressions. Answer: B 291. The instrument that most transformed rock from its early dependence on piano based instrumentation was A. the drum set. B. the electric guitar. C. the saxophone. D. the bass guitar. Answer: B