Neurolocalization

University:
Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
Course:
VM 8110 | Sensing & Seeing
Academic year:

2023
Views:

365

Pages:

1
Author:

Acadia Parker

NEUROLOCALIZATION NEUROLOGICAL EXAM Behavior changes • Pacing • Head pressing Disruption of inhibitory input to red nucleusno signals from forebrain to stop walking Circling Animal will circle toward side with lesion due to "hemineglect" phenomenon Animal ignores one side of world since to them it no longer exists • Aggression Blindness, • Obsessiveness, Incontinence Mentation changes. Obtunded not fully aroused Stuporous patient only responsive to noxious stimuli Comatose patient has heart beat, but not necessarily responsive to stimuli • Seizures Observe • Behavior, mentation, gait, posture Tools T There •Surface with traction, reflex hammer. hemostats, light source, funding exam lens, cotton ball C1-C5 • Respiratory depression C8-T2 Homer syndrome Nerve root signature Absent Cutaneous Trunci T3-L3 UMN forebrain, brainstem, cerebellum, 61-C5 spinal Proprioceptive •Patients will cross limbs and scuff and knuckle paws Vestibular Patients will drift towards one side. Usually has head tilt and nystagmus Cerebellar ataxia • Dismetria/ hypermetria-overflexion /extension of limbs Not uncommon to have more than one type! Schiff Sherrington • Spinal Shock Cuteous Trunci Cutoff L4-53 Abnormal anal tone • Flaccid tail POSTURE • Decerebrate Patient is rigid in all limbs often with opisthotonus Lesion usually in midbrain. Generally stuporous to comatose Decerebellate Rigid in thoracic limbs Flexed pelvic limbs Lesion to cerebellum Alert to obtunded Head turn Head no longer in longitudinal axis - Head tilt Head no longer level along horizontal axis Torticollis Contracture or flexion of cervical muscles Opisthotonus Head in dorsoextension Risus sardonicus Lack of inhibition to facial nerve causing contracture of facial muscles Schiff Sherrington Thoracic limbs have increased extensor tone Pelvic limbs are paretic to plegic Spasticity Secondary to UMN lesion • Flaccid Secondary to LMN lesion Neck guarded Secondary to cervical pain Kyphosis Secondary to thoracolumbar, abdominal pain or malformation

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