Cell cycle and Mitosis packet What is meant by the cell cycle or cell division cycle? The series of events that take place in a eukaryotic cell between its formation and the moment it replaces itself. In what type of cells - prokaryotes or eukaryotes - does the cell cycle occur? Eukaryotes Name the 2 main phases of the cell cycle Mitosis, interphase What is occurring in a cell during interphase? Cell forming, carrying on with its metabolic functions. What is occurring during the mitosis phase? Replication What process NEVER occurs in interphase? cell division Cells obtain ____ and duplicate or copy their ____ or genetic material during interphase nutrients, chromatids Where are chromatids found in a cell? Nucleus Chromatids are made of a molecule called DNA In what phase do most cells spend the majority of their life in? Interphase Name the 3 stages in interphase G1, S phase, G2 What does G1 stand for and what occurs in this stage? Growth 1, cell creates organelles and begins metabolism. What does S stand for and what occurs in this stage? Synthesis stage, DNA synthesis in which chromosomes of the cell are copied. What does G2 stand for and what occurs in this stage? Growth 2, cell grows in preparation for cell division What stage occurs after cytokinesis? G1 What part of the cell is divided during cytokinesis? cytoplasm What are the new cells called and how do they compare with each other? Daughter cells, they are identical What is a major thing happening to a cell during G1? Cell growth What cell structures are made in G1? Organelles What does the S phase stand for? synthesis What happens during the S phase? DNA synthesis and replication Each chromosome originally is made of how many DNA molecules and how does this molecule appear in the chromosomes? 1 coiled DNA double helix molecule At the end of S phase each chromosome has how many coiled DNA molecules? 2 identical ones What structure holds the duplicated chromosomes together and is also copied during the S phase? Centromere What is the final and shortest phase of interphase? G2 How is the cell prepared for mitosis during the G2 phase? Rapid growth What follows the G2 phase? mitosis What part of the cell is actually dividing in mitosis? Nucleus What is another name for mitosis? Caryokinesis When are chromosomes duplicated - before or during mitosis? Before What process follows mitosis? Cytokinesis The nucleus is divided during ___, while cytoplasm of the cell is divided during ____. mitosis, cytokinesis How do the two new cells compare with each other? They are identical The two new cells are called ___ cells. Daughter Does mitosis occur in prokaryotes? Explain why or why not. No, because they do not have a nucleus What process is used by bacteria to divide and reproduce? Binary Fission Body cells are called ____ cells, while reproductive cells are known as ____ cells. somatic, germ 1/2 Name the 4 mitotic stages Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase How does cytokinesis occur in an animal cell? Cleavage furrow Genetic material is called ____ during interphase and IS/IS NOT clearly visible. Chromatin, is not What makes the chromosomes become visible during prophase? DNA molecules are shortened and condensed Besides the nucleus, what else is broken down during prophase? Nuclear membrane, nucleolus What forms during prophase to LATER attach and move chromosomes? Spindle fibers Doubled chromosomes are held together by the ___ Centromeres Where do chromosomes line up during metaphase? Equator During what stage are sister chromatids separated and moved to opposite ends of the cell? Anaphase = separate End o cell = Telophase Name 4 things that happen during telophase a. Chromosome pairs (chromatid) are pulled to opposite ends of cell. b. Nuclear envelope and nucleolus reform. c. Chromosomes uncoil. d. Spindle fibers disintegrate 2/2