University:
West Coast University
Course:
NURS 100 | Fundamentals of Nursing
Academic year:

2021
Views:

380

Pages:

4
Author:

sorFlalscatmp4

Joints A joint is formed where two or more bones articulate together. Classification of Joints The joint can be classified according to the fibrous tissue that unites the bones at the end. There are mainly three types of joints: Fibrous Joint Cartilaginous Joint Synovial Joint Fibrous Joints Sutural Joint Syndesmosis Joint Gomphosis Joint Cartilaginous Joints Primary Secondary Synovial Joints Plane Pivot Hinge Condylar Ellipsoid Saddle Ball & Socket Synovial Joint Synovial joints are the most common and important joints in the body. They allow free movement and are lined with synovial membranes. Synovial fluid lubricates these joints. They have a joint cavity, articular cartilage, and an articular capsule. Classification of Synovial Joint Synovial joints are classified based on the shape of the adjoining articular surfaces: Plane - Two flat surfaces Pivot - Cylindrical projection inside a ring Hinge - Concave & convex surfaces Condylar - Two distinct condyles Ellipsoid - Elliptical concave & convex surfaces Saddle - Two saddle-shaped surfaces Ball & Socket - Rounded surface into a socket Ellipsoid Joint Articular surfaces: Oval convex male surface fits into elliptical concave female cavity. Movements: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and combination of movements. Examples: Wrist Joint Metacarpophalangeal Joint Atlanto-occipital Joint Saddle Joint Articular surface: Reciprocally concavo-convex. Movements: Same as ellipsoid joint with additional rotation around the third axis. Examples: First Carpometacarpal Joint Sternoclavicular Joint Between Femur and Patella Plane Joint Articular surface: More or less flat. Movement: Gliding. Examples: Intercarpal Joint Intertarsal Joint Articular Surface of Vertebrae Hinge Joint Articular surface: Pulley shaped with strong collateral ligaments. Movement: One plane around a transverse axis. Examples: Elbow Ankle Interphalangeal Joint Condylar Joint Articular surface: Two distinct condyles. Movement: One plane around transverse axis and another plane rotation around the vertical axis. Examples: Knee Joint Right and Left Jaw Joint