Exam 1 Mental Health Chapter 5

Chapter 5 Cultural Issues -Culture is a critical component of patients’ lives that affect their health care attitudes & actions as we ability to understand and used the interventions that psychiatric nurses develop -Culture is the internal & external manifestation of learned & shared values, beliefs, & norms of a per or community used to help individuals function in life & understand and interpret life occurrences Basic!Concepts! -Cultural competence is the process whereby the nurse shows proficiency in developing cultural aware knowledge, & skill to promote effective health care -A culturally competent psych nurse incorporates cultural competence into interactions with peers, stu patients, families, and communities -Key to patients recover process -Culture diversity includes age, gender, socioeconomic status, religion, race, ethnicity, mental illness, ph changing conditions. -The most common barrier to the delivery of culturally competent nursing care involves miscommunic between nurses & patients -Might lack knowledge and sensitivity regarding a patients cultural beliefs and practices; might not rec importance and value of these beliefs to the patient as they relate to health care practices -To facilitate successful relationships with patients, nurses must understand their own cultural beliefs a and how they influence patients care -Another barrier results from failure to assess the patients cultural perspective -Patients unaware of the nurses cultural perspectives therefore misinterpreting health care recommenda from the nurse -Barriers are primarily grounded in differences between nurses and patient cultural world views -Nurses & patient health care actions & beliefs are generally formulated by 3 factors: 1. Their definition of health 2. Their perception of how illness occurs 3. Their cultural worldview -Natural causes: a person believes that everyone and everything in the world is interrelated & that a dis this connectedness causes an illness or disease -Unnatural/outside causes: outside forces create illness and disease -Scientific: specific, concrete explanations of the illness -For primary worldview: 1. Analytic 2. Relational 3. Community 4. Ecologic >many individuals have a mix of primary worldview -Analytic: values detail to time, individuality, & possessions; prefers learning through written, hands-o resources -Relational: grounded in a brief in spirituality and the significance of relationships and interactions be among individuals; verbal communication is preferred learning style -Community: believed that Community needs and concerns are more important than individual ones; l style Includes quiet, respectful communication as well as meditation and reading -Ecologic: based on a belief that a form of interconnected Ed’s exists between human beings and the e and that individuals have a responsibility to take care of the earth; learning accomplished through quie observation and contemplation Culture-bound!mental!health!issues -Recurring patterns of behavior that create disturbing experiences for individuals >these symptoms may or may not be congruent with symptoms presented in DSM-5 for various diagnostic categories -Symptoms are mental distress are described differently depending on the cultural group: >Native Americans: “heartbroken” or “having heart pain” When depressed >Hispanic: “soul was lost” lethargic, have appetite and sleep changes, and have multiple physical complaints -People from diverse cultural groups often describe psychotic symptoms differently: >Malaya & Laos: “running amok” for emotional problems >Native Americans: “ghost sickness” >African American or Appalachian Americans: may say a spell has been put on them Alternative!Therapies -Acupressure and acupuncture restore balance by stimulating linear and circular lines throughout the bo needles or pressure -Nutritional therapy might include the use of certain foods or herbs -Skin scraping 0r coining, moxibustion, & cupping are used to restore balance by bringing heat to the sk surface, which allows the release of the toxin or spirit from the affected body area Nurses!role!in!cultural!assessment -One skill every nurse must develop is the ability to integrate cultural factors into the health assessmen -Basic elements of cultural assessment: >communication >orientation >nutrition >family relationships >health beliefs >education >spiritual or religious views >biologic or physiologic elements -Cultural preservation: the nurses ability to acknowledge, value, and accept the cultural beliefs of patie -Cultural negotiation: the nurses ability to work within the patients cultural belief system -Cultural repatterning: the nurses ability to incorporate cultural preservation and negotiation to identify needs, develop outcomes, and evaluate care plans