HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Part 1

HESI A2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1. Anatomic position The body is erect, the feet are slightly apart, the head is held high, and the palms of the hands are facing forward 2. Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory? Pharynx 3. A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreases sensation in Arm 4. Which bone dose not articulate with any other bone? Hyoid 5. Which of the following statements best describe endocrine glands? They secrete chemicals into the blood 6. Diet is important because bone are storage places for Calcium and phosphorous 7. Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system? Urethra 8. Red blood cell production is known as which of the following? A. Hematopoiesis B. Erythropoiesis C. Phagocytosis D. Thrombopoiesis 9. When an individual is under stress, hormones are released. Which of the following is not one of the locations in which hormones are released when under stress? A. Parathyroid B. Adrenal cortex C. Posterior pituitary D. Hypothalamus 10. The central nervous system is made up of all except which of the following? A. Brain B. Heart C. Retina D. Spinal cord 11. The thyrotrophic-releasing growth hormone-releasing, and gonadotropin-releasing hormones are released by which of the following endocrine system glands? A. Thymus B. Pituitary gland C. Pineal gland D. Hypothalamus 12. What is the most visible part of the ear? A. Pinna B. Organ of Corti C. Cochlea D. Ear canal 13. Which of the following is an organ of the respiratory system? A. Brain B. Larynx C. Urethra D. Pancreas 14. The motor cortex helps the brain by monitoring and controlling the body's movement. Where is the motor cortex located within the brain? A. Top, middle portion of the parietal lobe. B. Back of the head C. Front portion of the parietal lobe. D. Around the auditory cortex 15. The heart contains four chambers. Which of these four chambers is the largest and the strongest? A. Left ventricle B. Left atrium C. Right ventricle D. Right atrium 16. Which of the following organs is involved with the immune system? A. Heart B. Bronchi C. Appendix D. Esophagus 17. Which of the following is not a principal organ of the nervous system? A. Brian B. Thymus C. Ganglia D. Spinal cord 18. Where do the endocrine system and the nervous system meet? A. At the pituitary gland and the pineal gland B. At the hypothalamus and pituitary gland C. At the pineal gland D. At the thyroid gland 19. The pancreas is an endocrine system gland mainly responsible for which of the following? A. Proper bone development B. Metabolism control C. Maintaining healthy sugar levels D. Distribution of stored fat. 20. The stomach lining membrane name? The mucous membrane of the stomach contains simple columnar epithelium tissue with many exocrine cells. 21. skin aids in maintaining the calcium and phophate levels of the body by participating in the production of which of the following vitamin d 22. all action of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following? neurons 23. which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy estrogen 24. which female reproductive organ's produce oocytes, estrogen and progesterone ovaries 25. the buttocks is on which surface the body dorsal 26. the esophagus is located at which body cavity thoracic 27. which is a hollow organ gallbladder 28. which muscle is included in the quadriceps femoris group vastus lateralis 29. what occur when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated? cardiac output 30. which hormone is produce by the posterior pituitary gland oxytocin 31. which structure regulat the transport of substance in and out of a cell the cellular membrane 32. a person who damages to their ulnar nerve will have decrease sesutior in which area arm 33. when assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian in the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten large amount of: carrot and squash 34. which structure produces B-lymphocytes Red bone marrow 35. how many days is the avarage menstrul cycle 14 36. where in the human body are nutrients absorbed small intestines 37. The central nervous system is made up of all except which of the following? heart 38. The motor cortex helps the brain by monitoring and controlling the body's movement. Where is the motor cortex located within the brain? top, the middle portion of the parietal lobe. 39. The heart contains four chambers. Which of these four chambers is the largest and the strongest? Left ventricle appendix 40. Which of the following is not a principal organ of the nervous system? thymus 41. The pancreas is an endocrine system gland mainly responsible for which of the following? maintain healthy blood sugar level 42. Tough elastic tissues found in the joints that connect bones to bones are called: ligament 43. What mineral is responsible for muscle contractions? calcium 44. Where can the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found? pelvic cavity 45. Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following? neuroglia 46. Which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for the organs? connective tissue 47. What are the glands of skin that produce a thin, watery secretion eccrine glands 48. You have been given a sample of tissue that has open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle like structures. What is this tissue? spongy bone 49. Which mineral is responsible for regulating fluid in the body? sodium 50. Motor or neurons transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS. efferent 51. What are chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism of specific target cells called? hormones 52. Which blood vessel where exchanges take place between blood and the cells of the body? capillary 53. The stomach muscle churns and mixes food, turning the mass into a soupy substance called what? chyme 54. All the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein are routed where for decontamination? liver 55. In men, spermatozoa develop within the of each testis Seminiferous tubules 56. During pregnancy, what organ produces the hormones that maintain the endometrium and prepare the breasts for milk production? placenta 57. Gland whose secretion is oily- a mixture of oily substances and cell fragments sabasious 58. Sweat gland whose secretion is s primarily water and salts plus contains protein and fatty subsatances apocrine 59. Smooth muscle structure in the skin arrrector pilli 60. What type of joint is the elbow hinge 61. What type of joint is the hip and shoulder ball and socket 62. what are the two most abundant minerals stored in bones extracellular matrix calcium and phosphate