HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Part 2

63. The most abundant glial cells found in the CNS that anchor neurons to capillaries and help control the environment around neurons astrocytes 64. What does the adrenal medulla secrete? Epinephrine and norepinephrine 65. Which skin cancer is the most dangerous? malignant melanoma -becaus it matastisizes(spreads) -Cancer of the melanocytes 66. Which skin cancer is moderatly dangerous? squamous cell carcinom -arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum 67. Which skin cancer is least dangerous? basal cell carcinoma -doesnt spread 68. What is the only artery in the body to carry oxygen-poor blood? pulmonary artery 69. Chocolate cysts of the ovaries are attributed to . endometriosis 70. tendons connect muscle to bone 71. Where is interstitial fluid found in the body? in the tissues around cells 72. Which lobe of the brain is associated with judgement, planning, impulse control, and social behavior? frontal 73. What does lipase do? It breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. 74. In what area of the body would you expect to find and especially thick stratum corneum? Heel of the foot 75. What two things must be present for a muscle cell to contract? Calcium & adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 76. the esophagus is located at which body cavity a) ventral b) abdominal c) thoracic 77. What is the response of CF cell in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antiduretic hormone (ADH) is secreted? Water is reabsorbed from the urinary filtration? 78. what is the function of ADH hormone Regulate water balance in the body by controlling the amount of water the kidneys reabsorb 79. which muscle is included in tue quadriceps femoris group a) trapezius b) vastuslateralis c) gastrocnemious d) rectus abdominus 80. the calcaneous is located in whih part of the body the leg 81. Where is the tympanic membrane located? external auditorium canal and tympanic cavity 82. Fats are broken down in the small intestine using which enzyme(s)? Fats also known as lipids are broken down using lipase produced by the pancreas and bile produced by the liver but transferred to the small intestine through the bile duct. 83. What is the only artery to carry oxygen-poor blood? Pulmonic Artery 84. What do ligaments connect? Bone to Bone 85. Is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular? Avascular 86. Which of the following describes the primary function of the respiratory system? A) to create sound and speech B) to take oxygen into the body while removing carbon dioxide C) to transport nutrients to the cells and tissue of the body D) to act as a barrier between the body's organs and outside influences 87. Which of the following is the first step of the scientific method? A) construct a hypothesis B) make observations C) analyze data D) form a question 88. The process of organisms with an advantageous trait surviving more often and producing more offspring than organisms without the advantageous trait describes which of the following basic mechanisms? A) gene flow B) genetic drift C) mutation D) natural selection 89. Which of the following is the group of basophils that produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone? A) gonadotrophs B) thyotroph C) chromophil D) pituicytes 90. Which of the following are considered the basic units of the female reproductive system, each containing a single immature egg cell that is released during ovulation? A) oocytes B) follicles C) ovaries D) fundus 91. Which of the following describes the muscular organ that processes food material into increasingly smaller pieces, mixes it with saliva to create a bolus, and creates a barrier to transport food into the esophagus? A) pharynx B) tongue C) diaphragm D) stomach 92. Which of the following chambers of the heart receives blood returning from the lungs during pulmonary circulation? A) left atrium B) right atrium C) left ventricle D) right ventricle 93. Which of the following is the lobe in the cerebral cortex primarily responsible for processing and integrating sensory information received from the rest of the body? A) frontal lobe B) occipital lobe C) parietal lobe 94. Which of the following is an example of adaptive, or specific, immunity? A) inflammation B) fever C) humoral D) phagocytosis 95. Which of the following describes a situation in which research results are consistent with every subsequent experiment, but the test used in the experiment does not measure what it claims to measure? A) reliable, but not valid B) valid, but not reliable C) neither reliable or valid D) both reliable and valid 96. Which of the following Mendellian laws describes how pairs of alleles within genes separate and recombine separately from other genes? A) law of segregation B) law of dominance C) law of independent assortment D) law of predictive traits 97. Which of the following describes how atomic radius varies across the periodic table? A) atomic radius increases from top to bottom and left to right on the periodic table B) atomic radius increases from top to bottom and right to left on the periodic table C) atomic radius increases from top to bottom and toward the halogens on the periodic table D) atomic radius increases from top to bottom and toward the noble gases on the periodic table 98. Which of the following is NOT a tissue layer found in skeletal bones? A) periosteum B) bone marrow C) enamel D) cancellous bone 99. Which of the following sets of valves is primarily responsible for preventing blood flow from major blood vessels to the heart? A) atrioventricular valves B) semilunar valves C) tricuspid valves D) bicuspid valves 100. Bone is composed primarily of which of the following inorganic materials? A) calcium B) magnesium C) collagen D) potassium 101. Which of the following is the primary physical barrier the body uses to prevent infection? A) mucus membranes B) stomach acid C) skin D) urine