HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Part 6

77) Which of the following is NOT a hormone-producing gland of the endocrine system? A) steroid B) pituitary C) adrenal D) thyroid 78) Which of the following is the process in which pathogens are "eaten", or absorbed and digested, by white blood cells as part of an immune response? A) pinocytosis B) phagocytosis C) opsonization D) vasodilation 79) Which of the following describes the relationship between correlation and causation? A) correlation implies causation B) only negative correlation implies causation C) correlation and causation are mutually exclusive; if one happens, the other cannot D) correlation does not imply causation 80) The exchange of gases and blood happens in which of the following parts of the respiratory zone? A) alveoli B) alveolar duct C) pleura D) bronchioles 81) Which of the following glands provides nourishment for sperm, as well as the majority of the fluid that combines with sperm to form semen? A) seminal vesicles B) prostate gland C) bulbourethral glands D) Cowper's glands 82) Which of the following is the largest branch of the abdominal aorta, which supplies oxygenated blood to the upper digestive tract? A) inferior mesenteric artery B) gastric artery C) celiac artery D) superior mesenteric artery 83) Which of the following is NOT a phase of spermatogenesis, or the final stage of sperm formation? A) tail formation B) cap phase C) golgi phase D) fertilization 84) Blood is metabolized in the liver as it passes through which of the following types of blood vessels? A) hepatic vein B) inferior vena cava C) arterioles D) sinusoidal capillaries 85) Which of the following is a heterogenous mixture? A) a mixture in which the atoms or molecules are distributed unevenly B) a mixture of more than one type of atom or molecule C) a mixture of covalent and ionic compounds D) a mixture of polar and nonpolar molecules 86) Hormones can be classified into one of four basic groups based on their chemical source. Which of the following groups is derived from cholesterol? A) catecholamines B) steroids C) polypeptides D) eicosanoids 87) Which of the following is a definition of adaptation, in the context of evolution? A) the process of descent with modification B) the increased likelihood that a particular genotype will increase in frequency in a population C) the process of individuals in a population choosing mates due to superior characteristics D) a biological feature or behavior in a population of organisms that improves its chances for survival in the environment 88) Which of the following is the element of blood that comprises most of its volume? A) plasma B) red blood cells C) white blood cells D) water 89) Which of the following is NOT true for enzyme-catalyzed reactions? A) the reaction will speed up if the concentration of substrate increases B) the reaction will speed up if the concentration of enzymes increases C) the reaction will slow down at very low temperatures D) the reaction will speed up without limit as the temperature increases 90) Which of the following is the molecule found in red blood cells that binds to up to four oxygen molecules? A) hemoglobin B) erythrocytes C) globulin D) antigens 91) Which of the following is NOT a reason why randomization is critical in experimental design, especially in experiments with human subjects? A) to give humans no choice but to participate B) to eliminate selection bias C) to provide a statistical basis D) to provide a balanced group of subjects 92) Which of the following is the division of the nervous system primarily responsible for regulating all involuntary and subconscious muscle functions? A) somatic nervous system B) autonomic nervous system C) sympathetic nervous system D) peripheral nervous system 93) Which of the following is an appendage of a neuron that sends electrical signals away from the neuron cell? A) axon B) dendrite C) neurite D) neuroglia 94) Which of the following is the definition of action potential in a neuron? A) a connection between two neurons B) an electrical impulse that is transported down a neuron in response to a stimulus C) an imbalanced electrical charge that exists in an inactive nerve cell D) a chemical signal between two nerve cells 95) Which of the following are the three major portions of the brain? A) cerebellum, spinal cord, white matter B) cerebrum, temporal lobe, occipital lobe C) pons, medulla oblongata, brain stem D) cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem 96) Which of the following describes how a catalyst speeds up a reaction? A) a catalyst participates in the reaction, making it go faster B) a catalyst speeds up a reaction by causing lower energy products to be made C) a catalyst lowers the activation energy by providing an alternate route for the reaction D) a catalyst causes the reactants to collide more frequently 97) Which of the following is the final vessel through which semen must pass before being expelled from the body? A) ejaculatory duct B) penile urethra C) membranous urethra D) vas deferens 98) Which of the following groups of bones are part of the axial skeleton? A) pectoral girdle B) rib cage C) arms and hands D) pelvic girdle 99) Which of the following types of variables is changed in a scientific experiment? A) controlled variable B) measured variable C) dependent variable D) independent variable 100) The vertebral column consists of thirty-three vertebrae and is divided into several groups. Which of the following describes the lumbar vertebrae? A) seven vertebrae located in the neck that connect the vertebral column to the skull, allowing for neck rotation B) five vertebrae that are fused in the pelvis, forming a supportive, wedge-shaped bone C) twelve vertebrae located in the upper back, each of which connects to the base of a rib D) five vertebrae located in the lower back, which support most of the body's weight 101) Which type of hypothesis assumes no relationship between two variables? A) scientific hypothesis B) working hypothesis C) null hypothesis D) alternate hypothesis