Chapter 14 Ergonomic Principles ATI

 Chapter 14 Ergonomic Principles- ATI- Nur215 o Ergonomic is a science that focuses on the factors or qualities in an object design or use that contributes to comfort, safety, efficiency and ease of use. o Ergonomic Principles and Body Mechanics  Body mechanics is the use of muscles to maintain balance, posture and body alignment.  Body alignment keeps the center of gravity stable, which promotes comfort and reduces strain on the muscles.  Good body mechanics reduces risk of injury. o Center of Gravity  Center of mass  Weight is a quantity of matter on which the force of gravity acts  When the human body is in the upright position, the center of gravity is the pelvis.  When an individual move, the center of gravity shifts.  Spread your feet apart to lower your center of gravity and broaden your base support. o Lifting  Situational factors that increase the risk of injury…  Having to twist while lifting  Lifting in a small space  Lifting while kneeling or sitting  Lifting while arms are extended away from the body  Having worked longer than 8 hours o Pushing or Pulling  When pushing or pulling a load…  Widen your base of support  When opportunity allows, pull object toward the center of gravity rather than pushing them away.  If pushing, move your foot forward and if pulling your rear leg back to promote stability.  Sliding, rolling and pushing require less energy than lifting and offer less risk for injury. o Transfers and use of Assistive Devices  Evaluate each situation and use an algorithm to determine the safest method to transfer or move the client.  Determine the client’s ability to help with transfers  Evaluate the need for additional staff or assistive devices.  Assess and monitor the use of mobility aids o Guidelines for Preventing Injury  Know your facility’s policies for lifting and safe client handling  Prepare environment by removing obstacles prior to procedure o Positioning Clients  Position clients, especially those who are unable to more themselves.  Prevent discomfort, contractures, pressure on tissues and nerve/ circulatory use damage Use pillows, bath blankets, hand rolls, boots, splints, trochanter rolls, ankle support devices and other aids to maintain proper body alignment. o Bed and Client Positions  Semi- Fowlers  15-45 degrees  Client lies supine with the head of the bed elevated  Fowler’s  45-60 degrees  Client lies supine with the head of the bed elevated  High-Fowler’s  60-90 degrees  Client lies supine with the head of the bed elevated  Promotes lung expansion by lowering the diaphragm  Supine or dorsal recumbent  Client lies on their back with the head and shoulders elevated on a pillow and forearms on pillows or at their sides.  Prone  Client lies flat on their abdomen and chest with the head to one side and back in correct alignment  A pillow may be placed under the leg  Lateral or Side- lying  Client lies on their side with most of the weight on the dependent hip and shoulder and arms in flexion in the front of the body  Sims’ or Semi- prone  Client is on their side halfway between lateral and prone positions with the weight on their anterior ileum, humerus and clavicle.  Orthopneic  Client sits in the bed or at the bedside with a pillow on the overbed table, which is across the client’s lap.  Trendelenburg  Entire bed is tilted with the head of the bed lower than the foot of the bed  Facilitates postural drainage and venous return  Reverse Trendelenburg  Entire bed is tilted with the foot of the bed lower than the head of the bed  Position promotes gastric emptying and prevents esophageal reflux  Modified Trendelenburg  Client remains flat with legs above the level of the heart  Position helps prevent and treat hypovolemia and facilitates venous return 