Nurs Chapter 09 Questions Part 1

Chapter 9 Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? A. The oxygen content in the alveoli is highest during the exhalation phase. B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries. C. The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the capillaries. D. Blood that returns to the lungs from the body has a low carbon dioxide content. Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 319, 322 2. A. B. C. D. Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway? larynx pharynx bronchus oropharynx Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 319 3. A. B. C. D. The leaf-shaped structure located superior to the larynx is called the: epiglottis. vallecula. cricoid ring. thyroid cartilage. Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 320–321 4. The __________ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx. 1 A. B. C. D. cricoid thyroid laryngeal pyriform Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 321 5. A. B. C. D. Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT the: alveoli. trachea. epiglottis. bronchioles. Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 321 6. A. B. C. D. The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the: bronchioles. alveolar sacs. apex of the lung. pulmonary capillaries. Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 322 7. A. B. C. D. Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum? lungs larynx bronchioles esophagus Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 323 2 8. A. B. C. D. The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called: diffusion. ventilation. respiration. oxygenation. Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 324 9. Inhalation occurs when the: A. diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and cause an increase in intrathoracic pressure. B. diaphragm and intercostal muscles ascend and cause an increase in intrathoracic pressure. C. diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure. D. diaphragm ascends and the intercostal muscles contract, causing a decrease in intrathoracic pressure. Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 324 10. The diaphragm functions as an involuntary muscle when a person: A. sleeps. B. coughs. C. takes a deep breath. D. holds his or her breath. Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 324 11. The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg, while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg. A. 70, 28 B. 88, 30 C. 90, 50 3 D. 104, 40 Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 324–325 12. Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that: A. is moved through the lungs in a single minute. B. moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath. C. remains in the lungs following a complete exhalation. D. is forced into the lungs as a result of positive pressure. Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 325 13. What is the minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min? A. 5,600 mL B. 6,000 mL C. 7,400 mL D. 8,000 mL Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 325 14. Which of the following factors will cause a decreased minute volume in an adult? A. shallow breathing B. increased tidal volume C. respirations of 20 breaths/min D. slight decrease in respiratory rate Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 325 15. In contrast to inhalation, exhalation: 4 A. B. C. D. requires muscular effort to effectively expel air from the lungs. is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure. occurs when the diaphragm lowers and expels air from the lungs. is an active process caused by decreased intrathoracic pressure. Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 326 16. Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as: A. low venous oxygen levels. B. a decrease in arterial oxygen levels. C. an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood. D. inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells. Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 326 17. The hypoxic drive—the primary stimulus to breathe for patients with certain chronic respiratory diseases—is influenced by: A. high blood oxygen levels. B. low blood oxygen levels. C. low blood carbon dioxide levels. D. high blood carbon dioxide levels. Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 326 18. Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia? A. anxiety B. cyanosis C. tachycardia D. restlessness Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 327 5 19. Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct? A. In carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, ventilation is impaired because CO binds to oxygen very quickly. B. Oxygenation is the movement of air into and out of the lungs, whereas ventilation is the exchange of gases. C. In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite adequate oxygenation. D. Oxygenation without adequate ventilation can occur in climbers who quickly ascend to an altitude of lower atmospheric pressure. Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 327 20. Each cell of the body combines nutrients and oxygen and produces energy and waste products through a process called: A. respiration. B. ventilation. C. metabolism. D. oxygenation. Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 327 21. The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called: A. external respiration. B. cellular metabolism. C. pulmonary ventilation. D. alveolar ventilation. Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 327 22. Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by: A. adequate amounts of surfactant. 6 B. water or blood within the alveoli. C. surfactant-destroying organisms. D. pulmonary capillary constriction. Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 327 23. In the presence of oxygen, the mitochondria of the cells convert glucose into energy through a process called: A. perfusion. B. respiration. C. aerobic metabolism. D. anaerobic metabolism. Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 328 24. Without adequate oxygen, the body’s cells: A. rely solely on glucose, which is completely converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). B. cease metabolism altogether, resulting in carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood. C. begin to metabolize fat, resulting in the production and accumulation of ketoacids. D. incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood. Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 328 25. The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is: A. lactic acid. B. pyruvic acid. C. carbon dioxide. D. adenosine triphosphate. Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 328 7 26. Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense: A. slight elevations in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. B. slight decreases in carbon dioxide and an increase in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. C. decreased levels of oxygen in the blood and an increase in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. D. increased levels of oxygen in the blood and a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 329 27. A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when: A. ventilation is inadequate due to a traumatic injury or medical condition, which results in an impairment in pulmonary gas exchange. B. a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen. C. ventilation is compromised, resulting in the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, alveoli, and the tissues and cells of the body. D. a traumatic injury or medical condition impairs the body’s ability to effectively bring oxygen into the lungs and remove carbon dioxide from the body. Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 329 28. If ventilation is impaired, carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream will increase. This condition is called: A. acidosis. B. hypoxia. C. hypoxemia. D. hypercarbia. Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 330 8