University:
West Coast University
Course:
NURS 122 | Introduction to Medical Surgical Nursing
Academic year:

2022
Views:

305

Pages:

1
Author:

Nesbyenvkk

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY As breast cells change, an abnormal growth or mutation can occur to the DNA and BRCA1 and BRCA2 cells can develop (these are the cancerous cells commonly found with breast cancer). (Lippincott Advisor) CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Mostly found in the upper outer quadrants. Lesions are usually nontender, fixed in place, hard and have irregular borders. Pain and tenderness in the breast can be common (usually during menstruation for females). Skin dimpling, nipple retraction, skin ulceration. (Hinkle, pp 1732) RISK FACTORS -female gender (99% of cases in women) -increasing age -personal/family hx of breast cancer -BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations -hormonal factors -exposure to ionizing radiation -Obesity -high fat diet -alcohol intake (Hinkle, pp 1731) TREATMENT Breast conservation (treatment without breast loss) Radiation/chemotherapy Surgery (total mastectomy) (breast conservation) Hormone therapy Antibiotics (after procedures) (Hinkle, 1136-1137) Breast Cancer "A major health problem in the United States" (Hinkle, pp 1730) COLLABORATION Surgical consult Pastoral care/spiritual advisor OB Dermatology Pathology (Hinkle, pp 1737) LABS & TESTS Mammography Biopsies BRCA gene labs NURSING ASSESSMENT -health hx (personal,family) -breast examination -Skin assessment (arm edema, breast dimpling/orange peel skin) -hx of risk factors (Lippincott Advisor, thePoint) COMPLICATIONS Infection (post op/immunosuppressive therapies) Lymphedema Limited shoulder ROM Adverse effects of chemo/radiation Metastasis Tissue necrosis Cellulitis Loss of sensation (Lippincott Advisor, thePoint) PT TEACHING -disease process -post surgical care -exercise after breast sx -self breast exam -Drains (JP) -radiation/chemotherapy (self care, side effects) -Hormone therapy -medications