Need to Know Medications for NCLEX

Need to know medications for N ANALGESICS • Opioids • pain threshold by altering pain perception Common Brand Names Generic Names Demerol Meperidine HCL Dilaudid Hydromorphone Duragesic, Sublimaze Fentanyl Morphine Sulfate Morphine Sulfate Vicodin, Norco Hydrocodone ANTICONVULSANTS ❧ Common Brand Name Dilantin Phenytoin Gabapentin Tegretol Carbamazepine Valproic Acid ❧ *Neurontin is sometimes prescribed for chronic pain neuropathy ❧ *Monitor blood levels: Dilantin, Tegretol, and Depakote • Azaspirodecanedione derivatives • anxiety. Action unknown, thought to act by the amount/action of serotonin in certain parts of the brain. Buspar Generic Name Neurontin Depakote ANXIOLYTICS Common Brand Names interval between seizures Generic Names Buspirone Hydrochloride ANTIDEPRESSANTS ❧ SSRIs ❧ Act by inhibiting serotonin reuptake in CNS Common Brand Names Generic Names Celexa Citalopram Effexor Venlafaxine Lexapro Escitalopram Oxalate Paxil Paroxetine Prozac Fluoxetine Zoloft Sertraline • Common Brand Names Elavil Generic Names Amitriptyline BENZODIAZEPINES ( Pam & Lam) • Enhance/facilitate GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter Common Brand Names Ativan Valium Xanax Generic Names Lorazepam Diazepam Alprazolam SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS Common Brand Names Generic Names Ambien Zolpidem Tartrate Lunesta Eszopiclone DIURETICS ❧ fluid volume in the body **NI= monitor daily weight under standard conditions, assess BP, I&O, presence of edema LOOP DIURETICS ❧ Inhibit reabsorption of Na+, CL-, K+ and H2O (in loop of Henle), but also in proximal and distal renal tubules Common Drug Names ANTICOAGULANTS ❧ Interferes with blood clotting processes. Used to prevent thrombus and embolus Common Brand Names Generic Names Bumex Bumetanide Demadex Torsemide Lasix Furosemide Generic Names Coumadin Warfarin Lovenox Enoxaparin Heparin Heparin Sodium-from beef/pork Thiazide Diuretics • excretion of Na+, Cl-, K+, H2O in distal tube and ascending loop of Henle Common Brand Names Chlorothiazide Sodium Hydrodiuril, HCTZ Hydrochlorothiazide Zaroxolyn ANTIPLATELETS Generic Names Diuril Metolazone ❧ Interferes with the 1ST step in the clotting process: platelet aggregation Common Brand Names ASA-aspirin Generic Names Acetylsalicylic Acid Plavix ❧ *Pepto-Bismol contains aspirin Clopidogrel POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS ❧ Contains aldosterone at receptor sites in distal tubule; excrete Na+, Cl-, H2O, not K+ Common Brand Names Generic Names Aldactone Spironolactone Dyrenium Triamterene ANTIHYPERTENSIVES –(PRIL) • ACE Inhibitors • Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (potent vasoconstrictor)-Causing vasodilation and PVR (peripheral vascular resistance) without cardiac output/rate/contractility-Aldosterone is also blocked, causing a in Na+ and H2O retention. Side effect: Nagging, nonproductive cough, angioedema Common Brand Names Generic Names Altace Ramipril Capoten Captopril Prinivil, Zestril Lisinopril Vasotec ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS -(ZOSYN) • Dilate blood vessels and Common Brand Names (PVR) Generic Names Hytrin Terazosin Minipress Prazosin Enalapril ALPHA & BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS-(LOL) ❧ *check potassium level ALPHA 2 ANTAGONISTS ❧ centrally-acting anti-hypes causing amounts of norepinephrine to be released, sympathetic activity Common Brand Names Generic Names Catapres Clonidine • Alpha blockers-block alpha 1 receptors vasodilation. Beta blockers-block beta 1 & beta 2 receptors: • reduce HR, myocardial irritability, force of contraction • depress automaticity of SA node, speed of AV & intraventricular conduction suppress release of renin from the kidneys Common Brand Names Coreg Trandate, Normodyne Generic Names Carvedilol Labetalol BETA BLOCKERS-(OLOL) ❧ Prevent sympathetic stimulation of the heart, thus HR and contractility. ❧ myocardial irritability, depress automaticity of SA node, speed of AV & intraventricular conduction ❧ suppress release of renin from the kidneys. Common Brand Names Generic Names Inderal Lopressor Propranolol Metoprolol Tartrate Toprol-XL Metoprolol Succinate Tenormin ❧ *May cause bronchoconstriction. Atenolol CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS • Block Na+ influx into the beta-receptors • force of myocardial contraction/conductivity • HR, PVR. • Produce relaxation of coronary & vascular smooth muscle; dilates coronary arteries; myocardial O2 delivery, O2 demand. • Side effect: edema, dysrhythmias Common Brand Names Cardizem Generic Names Diltiazem Norvasc Amlodipine Procardia Nifedipine Verelan, Isoptin, Calan Verapamil NITRATES ARBS-(SARTAN) • block binding of angiotensin II at the receptor site, preventing vasoconstriction & aldosterone secreting effect usually caused by angiotensin II Brand Names Generic Names Atacand Candesartan Cozaar Diovan Losartan Valsartan ❧ Peripheral and coronary vasodilators. ❧ Treat/prevent angina, BP, preload/afterload, myocardial O2 demand. ❧ **NI=rotate transdermal patches/remove after 12-14 hours =(“patch free” interval of 10-12 hours daily) Common Brand Names Nitro BID Tridil Transderm Nitro Nitrostat CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES ❧ Positive inotropes (improve contractility and cardiac output) ❧ Negative dromotropic slow AV conduction rate. ❧ Negative chronotropes HR & improve cardiac output. ❧ Act as antiarrhythmic via tropic effect. ❧ **NI=Monitor K+ level, S/S toxicity Brand Names Lanoxin Generic Names Nitroglycerin Imdur Isosorbide Mononitrate Isorbid Isordil Sorbitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate ❧ *Check Potassium Level ANTI-DIABETICS • Sulfonylureas • Promotes insulin secretion by the pancreas; tissue response to insulin Brand Names Generic Names Digoxin ❧ *Monitor Dig & K+ level, S/S toxicity Generic Names Amaryl Glimepiride Diabeta Glynase Micronase Glyburide Glucotrol (XL) Glipizide BIGUANIDES • hepatic glucose production & intestinal absorption of glucose • improves insulin sensitivity (tissue response to insulin) Brand Names Glucophage GLITAZONES-(GLITAZONE) ❧ Decrease insulin resistance Brand Names Generic Names Metformin • *Initial drug therapy for newly DX T2DM. • *Most common side effect: GI. • *Rare side effect: Lactic acidosis levels of incretins-naturally occurring substances control blood sugar by insulin release, especially after a meal. Brand Names Januvia Generic Names Sitagliptin Pioglitazone Avandia Rosiglitazone ❧ *Edema; HF secondary to renal retention of fluid GLIPTINS (DPP-4 Enzyme Inhibitors) ❧ Generic Names Actos H2-HISTAMINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS (PPI) • Inhibit histamine at histamine H2-receptor sites, gastric acid secretion • Block final step of gastric acid production • Ulcer-reducing Brand Names Generic Names Nexium Prilosec Esomeprazole Omeprazole Protonix Pantoprazole Brand Names Generic Names Pepcid Famotidine Zantac Ranitidine ANTILIPIDEMICS ❧ STATINS (HMG-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS) ❧ Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, an early step in cholesterol production ANTIEMETICS • Act by /preventing nausea & vomiting Brand Names Generic Names Phenergan Promethazine Zofran Brand Names Crestor Lipitor Ondansetron Zocor Generic Names Rosuvastatin Atorvastatin Simvastatin ❧ *Rhabdomyolysis, Hepatotoxicity MISCELLANEOUS ANTILIPIDEMICS Brand Names Zetia • Selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor Generic Names Ezetimibe • Inhibits absorption of cholesterol by small intestine Fenofibrate triglyceride synthesis in liver TriCor • Fibric Acid Derivative • Lopid • Fibric Acid Derivative Gemfibrozil • triglyceride synthesis in liver GI MEDS ❧ Non-absorbable medications used prophylactically to treat/prevent ulcers and GERD ❧ GI Protectant ❧ Mixes with gastric acid to form a protective coating of gastric mucosa Brand Names Questran • Bile acid sequestrant (food additive improving quality) Carafate Generic Names Sucralfate Cholestyramine • Binds bile acids, impeding absorption (elimination in feces) GI STIMULANT • Act by resting tone of esophageal sphincter • Promotes gastric emptying/intestinal transit Brand Names Reglan Generic Names Metoclopramide • *Sometimes used with diabetic gastroparesis CORTICOSTEROIDS • STOOL SOFTENERS ❧ surface tension of interfacing liquid contents of the bowel-promoting additional liquid into stools=softer mass. Brand Names Generic Names inflammation, produce intentional immunosuppression, and treat adrenocortical insufficiency Brand Names Generic Names Celestone Betamethasone Dexamethasone Decadron Colace Docusate Sodium Deltasone Prednisone Surfak Docusate Calcium Solu-Cortef Hydrocortisone Solu-Medrol Methylprednisolone • *Monitor WBC and Blood Glucose levels ANTI-INFECTIVES ❧ Aminoglycosides Brand Names Generic Names Gentamicin Gentamicin Sulfate Streptomycin Streptomycin Sulfate Tobramycin Tobramycin Sulfate RESPIRATORY MEDICATIONS ❧ Bronchodilators ❧ Relax bronchial smooth muscle Brand Names Proventil, Ventolin Generic Names Albuterol Sulfate Brovana Arformoterol Tartrate Foradil Formoterol Fumarate Atrovent Ipratropium Bromide Xopenex Spiriva Advair Advair Diskus ANTIPROTOZOAL Brand Names Generic Names Flagyl Metronidazole • *No alcohol products, including mouthwash, aftershave, deodorant, bath splashes. • Disulfiram- type reaction may occur (flushing, nausea, vomiting, palpitations). • ß-LACTAMs • ß-Lactam antibiotics include: PCNs, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems • *Assess for allergies to any ß-Lactam antibiotic Levalbuterol Tiotropium Fluticasone/Salmeterol ❧ *combo drug (flut-potent anti-inflam effects/Salm-bronch odilator) CEPHALOSPORINS Brand Names Generic Names Rocephin Ceftriaxone Maxipime Cefepime Mefoxin Cefoxitin Ancef Cefazolin CARBAPENEMS PENICILLINS Brand Names Brand Names Generic Names Amoxil Amoxicillin Omnipen Unipen Ampicillin Nafcillin Pipracil Zosyn Merrem Imipenem Piperacillin Piperacillin/Tazobactam SULFONAMIDES Bactrim Bactrim DS Septra Ertapenem Meropenem Primaxin FLUOROQUINOLONES (oxacin) Brand Names Brand Names Generic Names Invanz Generic Names SMZ-TMP Trimethoprim-Sulfa methoxazole Generic Names Cipro Ciprofloxacin Levaquin Levofloxacin • *Tendon rupture. • *Adjust dosage for renal patients. TETRACYCLINES *Avoid or use with extreme caution if allergic to sulfa: Erythromycin-Sulfisoxazole, Sulfasalazine, Dapsone, Sulfonamides, Celebrex, Imitrex, Lasix, Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ VANCOMYCIN Brand Names Vancocin Generic Names Vancomycin Hydrochloride ❧ *Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Red-Man Syndrome ❧ *Peak: 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration. ❧ *Trough: 30 minutes before the next dose. Brand Names Generic Names Tetracycline Tetracycline Vibramycin Doxycycline INSULINS • blood glucose by transporting glucose into cells • promoting conversion of glucose to glycogen • inhibiting the liver from changing glycogen to gluco Types of Insulins Rapid-Acting Names Insulin Lispro-Humalog Insulin Aspart-Novolog Regular Insulin-Humulin R Short-Acting Intermediate-Acting Long-Acting Premixed • Regular insulin is the only one given IV • Concentrated insulin-Insulin U-500 NPH-Humulin N, Novolin R Insulin Glargine-Lantus • Cannot mix with others Insulin Detemir-Levemir NPH/REG • Humulin 50/50 • Humulin 70/30 • Novolin 70/30 Aspart protamine/aspart • Novolog Mix 70/30 Lispro protamine/lispro • Humalog Mix 75/25 Names Onset Lispro (Humalog) Peak 5m 60-90min 4-6h Aspart (Novolog) 10-20m 1-3h 3-5h Regular (Humulin R) SQ: 30-60m IV: 10-30m U-500 2-3h 5-7h NPH (Humulin N, Novolin R) 8-12h 18-24h SQ: 2-4h IV: 15-30m Glargine (Lantus) None 24h Detemir (Levemir) 3-14h 24h NPH (Humulin 50/50, Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30) Apart Protamine/aspart (Novolog mix 70/30) Lispro Protamine/lispro (Humalog mix 75/25) 4-8h 1-4h 2.8h 24h 24h 24h Duration SQ: 5-7h IV: 30-60m