University:
West Coast University
Course:
NURS 180 | Pharmacology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

109

Pages:

2
Author:

helyettitycx1

Drug Study Generic Name: cholecalciferol (vitamin D3 (inactive)) Drug Classification: Therapeutic:vitamins Pharmacologic: fat-soluble vitamins Therapeutic Uses: : Treatment and prevention of deficiency states, particularly bone manifestations. Maximum Dosage/24 hours: 1000 IU daily Possible Routes of Administration: PO Usual Dosage and Frequency: 400-1000 IU daily This Patient’s Dose and Frequency: 1,000 IU daily PO Mechanism of Action: Requires activation in the liver and kidneys to create the active form of vitamin D3 (calcitriol). Promotes the intestinal absorption of dietary calcium Adverse Effects: Seen primarily as manifestations of toxicity (hypercalcemia) CNS: headache, irritability, somnolence, weakness. EENT:conjunctivitis, photophobia. CV:arrhythmias, hypertension. GI: anorexia, constipation, dry mouth,qliver enzymes, metallic taste, nausea, PANCREATITIS, polydipsia, vomiting, weight loss. GU:albuminuria, azotemia, polyuria.Derm: pruritus. F and E: hypercalcemia.MS: bone pain, muscle pain. Nursing Implications: Assess for symptoms of vitamin deficiency prior to and periodically during therapy. Assess patient for bone pain and weakness prior to and during therapy. Observe patient carefully for evidence of hypocalcemia (paresthesia, muscle twitching, laryngospasm, colic, cardiac arrhythmias, and Chvostek’s or Trousseau’s sign). Protect symptomatic patient by raising and padding side rails; keep bed in low position. Lab Test Considerations: Monitor serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase periodically. Toxicity and Overdose: Toxicity is manifested as hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and hyperphosphatemia. Assess patient for appearance of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weakness, constipation, headache, bone pain, and metallic taste. Later symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, photophobia, rhinorrhea, pruritus, and cardiac arrhythmias. Notify health care professional immediately if these signs of hypervitaminosis D occur. Treatment usually consists of discontinuation of cholecalciferol, a low-calcium diet, or administration of a laxative. IV hydration and loop diuretics may be ordered to increase urinary excretion of calcium. Hemodialysis may also be used. Patient Teaching: Review diet modifications with patient. Encourage patient to comply with dietary recommendations of health care professional. Explain that the best source of vitamins is a well-balanced diet with foods from the 4 basic food groups and the importance of sunlight exposure. Advise patient to avoid concurrent use of antacids containing magnesium. Review symptoms of overdose and instruct patient to report these promptly to health care professional.