Module 12 Infection

MODULE 12: INFECTION DRUG THERAPY FOR BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Drugs that interfere with cell wall synthesis Penicillins – amoxicillin (Amoxil), amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Augmentin) Cephalosporins – cephalexin (Keflex) Monobactams – aztreonam (Azactam) Carbapenem – imipenem and cilastatin (Primaxin) Vancomycin – vancomycin (Vancocin) Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis Tetracyclines – tetracycline Macrolides – erythromycin-> GI disturbance: small yellow emesis (expected), headache, mild rash, vaginal yeast infection Aminoglycosides – gentamicin Drugs that inhibit DNA replication or cell division Fluoroquinolones – ciprofloxacin (Cipro) DRUG THERAPY FOR URINARY TRACT AND OTHER BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Drugs that inhibit folic acid synthesis Sulfonamides – trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) Urinary tract antiseptics – nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) DRUG THERAPY FOR TUBERCULOSIS Antimicobacterials – isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid-IM form), rifampin (Rifadin) DRUG THERAPY FOR PARASITIC INFECTIONS Antiparasitics – metronidazole (Flagyl), chloroquine (Aralen) DRUG THERAPY FOR FUNGAL INFECTIONS Antifungals Polyene antibiotics – amphotericin B (Fungizone) Azoles – ketoconazole DRUG THERAPY FOR VIRAL INFECTIONS Antivirals – acyclovir (Zovirax) DRUG THERAPY FOR GOUT Colchicine. SA: diarrhea (toxicity), anorexia, muscle pain Phencyclidine (angel dust) intoxication: hypertension, tachy, seizures, coma-> ad vasodialtors (nitroprusside), hyperthermia Cyclobenzaprine to relieve muscle spasm that cause pain of fractures Pain scale: FLACC (2-7months) Oucher (3-13 years) FACES (3 years) Visual Analog Scale Metered dose inhaler: Sake 3-5 s, wait 20-30s between inhalations Colesevepam for low density lipoprotein level-> take this meds 4hr after other meds Inhlation Anthrax: Cipro, doxycycline, amoxicillin Fat overload: elevated temp-> multiple organ damage Behavior indicate pain: restlessness, grimacing, moaning, clenching Take out subclavian venous cath-> use Valsalva maneuver by holding breath and bearing down-> prevent air from entering lumen, hear, and pulmonary circulation, flat position or Trendelenburg IM injection: inject to deltoid if 0.5-1ml, 2in below acrmonion process, 23-25 gauze IV: dorsal metacarpal vein Other: cephalic, basilica Cause pain-> meet the nerve ends-> remove and reinsert IV fluid volume excess: crackles upon auscultation-> dyspnea Infiltration: edema at injection site, damp dressing Phlebitis: erythema, throbbing pain, warmth, streak formation Venipuncture: antecubital fossa (forearm) Cath policy: clean perineal twice daily, ONLY IRRIGATE IF OBSTRUCTION, CHANGE IF BLOCKAGE-> check for kinks or twisting to prevent infection Spina bifida: catherize every 4hr Change in length = dislodgment, catheter occlusion = diff administer fluids NG: 15-30ml water after each medication, prior administration, after givng multiple medications HERBS: Echianeca boots immunue system, treat fever-> reduce meds treat TB Ginger treat vertigo and motion sickness Ginkgo biloba increase ability to walk futher sistance Saw palmetto blocks testosterone receptors, relieve urinary frequency Black cohos relieve menopausal symptoms: hot flashes Feverfew prevent migraine, increase risk for bleeding due to suppress platelet Valerian promotes sleep Milk thistle reduces effectiveness of oral contraceptives Ephedra elevate BP Comfrey wound healing Licorice treat GI problems Chamomile calming agents Garlic lower cholesterol Isofamide, antineoplastic stop cancer-> renal failure Vincristine, antineoplastic-> paresthesia and paralysis Daunorubin antitumor-> cause edema and dyspnea, cardiomyopathy