University:
West Coast University
Course:
NURS 180 | Pharmacology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

350

Pages:

2
Author:

Carissa Thomas

PHENYTOIN PHYSOSTIGMINE PRALIDOXIME Name/Class: PHENYTOIN (Dilantin)/Anticonvulsant Description: Phenytoin is a derivative related to phenobarbital that reduces the spread of electrical discharges in the motor cortex and inhibits seizures. It also has antidysrhythmic properties that counteract the effects of digitalis. Indications: Seizures, status epilepticus, or cardiac dysrhythmias secondary to digitalis toxicity. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to hydantoin products, seizures due to hypoglycemia, sinus bradycardia, heart block, and Adams-Stokes syndrome. Precautions: Hepatic or renal impairment, alcoholism, cardiogenic shock, elderly, debilitated patients, diabetes, hyperglycemia, bradycardia, heart block, or respiratory depression. Dosage/Route: Seizures, status epilepticus: 10 to 15 mg/kg slow IV. Ped: 8 to 10 mg/kg slow IV. Dysrhythmias: 100 mg slow IV (over 5 min) to a maximum 1,000 mg. Ped: 3 to 5 mg/kg slow IV. Name/Class: PHYSOSTIGMINE (Antilirium)/Parasympathomimetic Description: Physostigmine inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine, resulting in prolonged parasympathetic effects. It is sometimes used as an antidote for anticholinergic (e.g., atropine) and tricyclic antidepressant overdoses. Indications: Tricyclic antidepressant (CNS and cardiac effects) and anticholinergic overdose. Contraindications: Asthma, diabetes, gangrene, cardiovascular disease, or narrow-angle glaucoma. Precautions: Reduce dose (or administer atropine) if increased salivation, emesis, or bradycardia develop. Dosage/Route: 0.5 to 3 mg IV (not faster than 1 mg min), repeat as needed. Ped: 0.01 to 0.03 mg/kg/15 to 20 min to max 2 mg. Name/Class: PRALIDOXIME (2-PAM)/Cholinesterase Reactivator Description: Pralidoxime reactivates cholinesterase and reinstitutes the degrading of acetylcholine and restores normal neuromuscular transmission. It is used to reverse severe organophosphate poisoning. Indications: Organophosphate poisoning. Contraindications: Carbamate insecticides (Sevin), inorganic phosphates, and organophosphates having no anticholinesterase activity, asthma, peptic ulcer disease, severe cardiac disease, or patients receiving aminophylline, theophylline, morphine, succinylcholine, reserpine, or phenothiazines. Precautions: Rapid administration may result in tachycardia, laryngospasm, and muscle rigidity. Excited or manic behavior may be noted after regaining consciousness. Dosage/Route: 1 to 2 g in 250 to 500 mL NS infused over 15 to 30 min; or 1 to 2 g IM/subcutaneous if IV not feasible. Ped: 20 to 40 mg/kg IV/IM subcutaneous.