University:
West Coast University
Course:
NURS 180 | Pharmacology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

294

Pages:

2
Author:

Carissa Thomas

ALBUTEROL ALTEPLASE RECOMBINANT AMINOPHYLLINE Name/Class: ALBUTEROL (Proventil, Ventolin)/Sympathomimetic Bronchodilator Description: Albuterol is a synthetic sympathomimetic that causes bronchodilatation with less cardiac effect than epinephrine and reduces mucus secretion, pulmonary capillary leaking, and edema in the lungs during allergic reactions. Indications: Bronchospasm and asthma in COPD. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the drug. Precautions: The patient may experience tachycardia, anxiety, nausea, cough, wheezing, and/or dizziness. Vital signs and breath sounds must be monitored; use caution with elderly, cardiac, or hypertensive patients. Dosage/Route: Two inhalations (90 mcg) via metered-dose inhaler (2 sprays) or 2.5 mg in 2.5 to 3 mL NS via nebulizer, repeat as needed. The duration of effect is 3 to 6 hours. Ped: 0.15 mg/kg in 2.5 to 3 mL NS via nebulizer, repeat as needed. Name/Class: ALTEPLASE RECOMBINANT (tPA) (Activase)/Thrombolytic Description: Recombinant DNA–derived form of human tPA promotes thrombolysis by forming plasmin. Plasmin, in turn, degrades fibrin and fibrinogen and, ultimately, the clot. Indications: To thrombolyse in acute myocardial infarction, acute ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism. Contraindications: Active internal bleeding, suspected aortic dissection, traumatic CPR, recent hemmorhagic stroke (6 mo), intracranial or intraspinal surgery or trauma (2 mo), pregnancy, uncontrolled hypertension, or hypersensitivity to thrombolytics. Precautions: Recent major surgery, cerebral vascular disease, recent GI or GU bleeding, recent trauma, hypertension, patient > 75 years, current oral anticoagulants, or hemorrhagic ophthalmic conditions. Dosage/Route: MI and stroke: 15 mg IV, then 0.75 mg/kg (up to 50 mg) over 30 min, then 0.5 mg/kg (up to 35 mg) over 60 min. Pulmonary embolism: 100 mg IV infusion over 2 hours. Name/Class: AMINOPHYLLINE (Aminophylline, Somophyllin)/Methylxanthine Bronchodilator Description: Aminophylline is a methylxanthine that prolongs bronchodilation and decreased mucus production and has mild cardiac and CNS stimulating effects. Indications: Bronchospasm in asthma and COPD refractory to sympathomimetics and other bronchodilators and in CHF. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to methylxanthines or uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmias. Precautions: Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, or taking theophylline, hepatic impairment, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, young children, glaucoma, peptic ulcers, acute influenza or influenza immunization, and the elderly. Watch for PVCs or tachycardia. May cause hypotension. Dosage/Route: 250 to 500 mg IV over 20 to 30 min. Ped: 6 mg/kg over 20 to 30 min. Max 12 mg/kg/day.