University:
West Coast University
Course:
NURS 180 | Pharmacology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

300

Pages:

2
Author:

Alma Stephenson

DEXAMETHASONE DEXTROSE 50% IN WATER (D50W) DIAZEPAM Name/Class: DEXAMETHASONE (Decadron)/Steroid Description: Dexamethasone is a long-acting synthetic adrenocorticoid with intense antiinflammatory activity. It prevents the accumulation of inflammation generating cells at the sites of infection or injury. Indications: Anaphylaxis, asthma, COPD, spinal cord edema. Contraindications: No absolute contraindications in the emergency setting. Relative contraindications: systemic fungal infections, acute infections, tuberculosis, varicella, or vaccinia or live virus vaccinations. Precautions: Herpes simplex, keratitis, myasthenia gravis, hepatic or renal impairment, diabetes, CHF, seizures, psychic disorders, hypothyroidism, and GI ulceration. Dosage/Route: 4 to 24 mg IV/IM Ped: 0.5 to 1 mg/kg. Name/Class: DEXTROSE 50% IN WATER (D50W)/Carbohydrate Description: Dextrose is a simple sugar that the body can rapidly metabolize to create energy. Indications: Hypoglycemia Contraindications: None in hypoglycemia. Precautions: Increased ICP. Determine blood glucose level before administration. Ensure good venous access. Dosage/Route: 25g D50W (50 mL) IV. Ped: 2 mL/kg of a 25% solution IV. Name/Class: DIAZEPAM (Valium)/Antianxiety, Hypnotic, Anticonvulsant, Sedative Description: Diazepam is a benzodiazepine sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant that reduces tremors, induces amnesia, and reduces the incidence and recurrence of seizures. It relaxes muscle spasms in orthopedic injuries and produces amnesia for painful procedures (cardioversion). Indications: Major motor seizures, status epilepticus, premedication before cardioversion, muscle tremors due to injury, and acute anxiety. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the drug, shock, coma, acute alcoholism, depressed vital signs, obstetric patients, neonates. Precautions: Psychoses, depression, myasthenia gravis, hepatic or renal impairment, addiction, elderly or very ill patients, or COPD. Due to a short half-life of the drug, seizure activity may recur. Dosage/Route: Seizures: 5 to 10 mg IV/IM. Ped: 0.5 to 2 mg IV/IM. Acute anxiety: 2 to 5 mg IV/IM. Ped: 0.5 to 2 mg IM. Premedication: 5 to 15 mg IV. Ped: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg IV.