Music of the Middle Ages and Renaissance

The Middle Ages and Renaissance Question A fixed pattern of long and short notes that is repeated or varied is known as Composers from ________ were at the forefront of musical composition. Composers of organum based their pieces on Which term describes the texture of two or more melodies performed at the same time? The text setting of Gaude Maria virgo is Gaude Maria virgo is performed Gaude Maria virgo is sung in Musical notation of polyphony allowed for more detail and control over the musical texture. Organum grew out of the improvisatory custom of Pérotin’s organum Polyphony was universally accepted in medieval religious communities. Polyphony was utilized to enhance worship on the most significant feast days in the church year. Singing polyphony required specialized singers. The compilation of early polyphony is the The earliest polyphonic music is called The first type of polyphony was Gregorian chant. The performance of Gaude Maria virgo is typical of the genre in that it is sung antiphonally. What does antiphonal mean? What was the single most important feature in the development of Western music? Which of the following is a true statement? Which of the following statements is NOT true? Which statement regarding polyphony in the Middle Ages is NOT true? Which voice in organum carries the original chant in sustained notes? Who was Léonin’s successor? Who was the first leader of the Notre Dame School? ______ is credited with compiling the Magnus liber organi. After the fall of Constantinople to the Turks, ______ writings were brought to Europe in increasing numbers. During the Middle Ages, all power came from which religious organization? Our understanding of the musical culture of ancient civilizations is limited by the small number of fragments of music that have survived. In regards to the troubadours and trouvères, which of the following statements is NOT true? During the Renaissance, lands new to the Europeans were discovered, including Which is true of trade during the Middle Ages? Which of the following is a true statement? Answer a rhythmic mode. the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris preexisting Gregorian chants. polyphony highly melismatic. a cappella. Latin. True adding a second voice to a Gregorian melody. increased the number of voices to three and then to four. False True True Great Book of Organum. organum. False a performance style that alternates between two groups polyphony Léonin is the first composer of polyphonic music whose name we know. Notated polyphony emerged at the end of the Renaissance. Polyphonic music was sung by the church congregation. the lower voice Pérotin Léonin Léonin ancient Greek and Roman The Roman Catholic Church True They wrote sacred music. the Americas. Musicians and their works moved along trade routes. The influence of European musical styles surpasses that of any of its languages or religions. Which of the following is a true statement? Medieval and Renaissance musicians could find employment in which of the following professions? Music as a commodity means that music One of the major advancements in the Renaissance was the invention of printing, pioneered by Which is a true statement regarding early music performances of medieval and Renaissance music? The Middle East had no influence on European musical styles. The Renaissance marks the passing of European society from a predominately secular society to a more sacred one. The beginning of the Middle Ages was marked by the The literature of ancient Greece and Rome was of little interest to artists and writers of the Renaissance. The most universally idealized woman in Western culture during the Middle Ages was Two of the earliest named composers of organum from the Notre Dame Cathedral were Léonin and Which did not occur in the later Middle Ages? Which is a true statement regarding early music notation? Which of the following statements is true of paintings and sculpture from the Renaissance? Which statement regarding music notation is true? Who of the following was a Renaissance visual artist? Who were the most prominent performers of secular music in medieval France? Women musicians in the Renaissance earned their living as During the later Middle Ages, polyphonic developments in sacred music carried over to the secular realm. Music, mathematics, geometry, and astronomy were the four topics considered essential to medieval How does Machaut convey the medieval fascination for puzzles in Ma fin est mon commencement? In the Western tradition, music historically has not been linked to mathematics and geometry. In which poetic form is Machaut’s chanson Ma fin est mon commencement set? European contacts with _______ inspired new concepts of art. Which secular medieval musicians entertained audiences at the higher social levels? Machaut was the first composer self-consciously to attempt a compositional legacy. Machaut’s own poetry often centers on the idea of The Ars nova began in Italy around the early 1400s. The Ars nova ushered in developments in ______ that transformed the art of music. The poems of the troubadour and trouvère repertory include During the Renaissance printed music became available and music literacy spread. All possible answers. instrument building teaching copyists All possible answers. taught and learned bought and sold is preserved Johannes Gutenberg. Many aspects of early music performance are open to speculation. False False fall of the Roman Empire. False the Virgin Mary. Pérotin. introduction of printing Tempo and dynamic markings were absent. All statements are true. Painters explored the beauties of nature. Painters and sculptors studied the nude human form as a thing of beauty. The laws of perspective were applied to paintings. Western music notation was invented to further the goals of Christian worship. Leonardo da Vinci troubadours and trouvères court singers True education palindromic structure False rondeau Eastern cultures troubadours True medieval chivalry. False All possible answers. harmony rhythm meter All possible answers. laments political and moral ditties love songs centered on the idea of "unrequited love." The poet-musicians who flourished in the south of France troubadours were known as There was an interest in both the regularity and complexity True of musical patterns during the Ars nova. Trouvères, medieval poet-musicians from the northern region of France, were members of What is the genre of Machaut’s Ma fin est mon commencement? What was the period that immediately preceded the Ars nova called? Where did Machaut work as a priest? Which is a true statement regarding Machaut’s songs? Which musical style appeared in the early 1300s in France and soon thereafter in Italy? Which of the following is/are poetic forms used in medieval chansons? Which of the following topics might be found in medieval lyrics? Which statement about Machaut is NOT true? Who of the following was NOT a medieval writer/poet? ________ mean(s) "finders" or "inventors." An unexpected harsh dissonance coinciding with the word "death" is an example of At which point in the text of Fair Phyllis does the work change to an imitative texture? Both Italian and English madrigals often feature wordpainting. Farmer "paints" the first line of the text, "Fair Phyllis I saw sitting all alone," through the use of Farmer’s Fair Phyllis is written for _____ voices. In addition to the Italian madrigal, what other genre arose from the union of poetry and music during the Renaissance? In madrigal poetry, references to death In which country did Monteverdi live and work? Which musical trait does NOT apply to Monteverdi’s madrigals? Monteverdi emphasizes the last line of the poem in the madrigal Si ch’io vorrei morire by not repeating it. Monteverdi uses word-painting to portray the images found in the poetry for his madrigal Si ch’io vorrei morire. Monteverdi’s Si ch’io vorrei morire is sung in Which describes the performing forces of Monteverdi’s Si ch’io vorrei morire? Which of the following instruments was likely found in prosperous homes during the Renaissance? Sometimes humorous madrigals would have a refrain of syllables such as "fa la la." In regards to typical English madrigals, which statement is true? In which of the following ways did Renaissance composers enhance the emotional content of madrigals? The English madrigal preceded the development of the Italian madrigal by some one hundred years. The chief concern of the early madrigalists was to give pleasure to the amateur performer. The mood of Farmer’s madrigal Fair Phyllis is The text of John Farmer’s Fair Phyllis refers to real historical figures. the upper classes and the aristocracy. polyphonic secular chanson Ars antiqua Reims Cathedral Machaut set his chansons to French courtly love poems. Ars nova All possible answers. ballade rondeau virelai All possible answers songs of the Crusades politics unrequited love He was an influential composer of the Ars antiqua style. Pythagoras Troubadours and trouvères both word-painting "Up and down he wandered" True monophony four French chanson were erotic Italy simple vocal style False True Italian 5-voice a cappella group lute True All statements are true. They often have pastoral texts. They often have lively rhythms. The texts are often humorous. through the use of madrigalisms False True light and pastoral. False Where did the madrigal first emerge as an important genre? Italian courts at the beginning of the 1500s Which of the following relate(s) to the genre of madrigal? All possible answers. direct expression of a composer’s musical personality aristocratic form of poetry and music most important secular genre of the Renaissance Who of the following composers was influential in the later Italian madrigal tradition? _______ claimed "the text should be the master of the music, not the servant." Composers in the Renaissance often used ________ in one voice as a basis for elaborate ornamentation in other voices. Despite being of northern European birth, Josquin spent most of his career in Claudio Monteverdi How does Josquin create musical contrast in the final two lines of the text, "O Mater Dei, memento mei"? All possible answers. by using a full-chord sound by using a homorhythmic texture by using long note values Humanism was inspired by ancient Greek and Roman cultures. In which language is the text of Josquin’s motet written? Josquin’s Ave Maria...virgo serena incorporates an older Gregorian chant One of the most popular subjects of the sacred Renaissance motet was the Virgin Mary. Which of the following statements about religion during the Renaissance is NOT true? Renaissance music generally featured consonant harmonies. Renaissance sacred music was generally performed with instruments. The Renaissance marks the passing of European society from a predominantly ______ to a more ______ one. The ________ is regarded as the golden age of the a cappella style. The art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome was of little interest to artists and writers in the Renaissance. The following statements are true about Josquin’s motet EXCEPT which one? The multivoiced sacred music of the Renaissance was sung by The predominant texture in Josquin’s motet Ave Maria...virgo serena is The text of Josquin’s motet Ave Maria...virgo serena praises the virtues of The use of a fixed melody in one voice was a compositional technique found in sacred Renaissance motets. What is a cantus firmus? Which describes harmony in Renaissance music? Which does NOT apply to Renaissance liturgical music? Which does NOT describe a Renaissance motet? Which does not describe a humanist outlook? Which meter did medieval musicians find especially attractive because it symbolized the perfection of the Trinity? Which of the following is NOT typical of the Renaissance motet? During the Renaissance, the Mass was recited and sung in the vernacular (the language of the people). Claudio Monteverdi a cantus firmus Italy. True Latin only briefly at the beginning. True The Renaissance was an age of unquestioning faith. True False sacred; secular sixteenth century False each voice sings a different text in praise of the Virgin Mary. trained male singers. imitative polyphony. the Virgin Mary. True preexisting melody All possible answers. fuller chords "sweeter" thirds and sixths carefully controlled dissonance abandonment of Gregorian chant a polyphonic secular work Unquestioning faith and mysticism. triple monophonic texture and sung in the vernacular False How many voice parts are required to sing the Pope six Marcellus Mass? In the Catholic Mass, the parts that change according to the Proper day belong to the congregational singing in the vernacular should be Martin Luther and John Calvin believed the basis of Christian worship Martin Luther and _______ were both important religious John Calvin reformers during the Protestant Reformation. Palestrina was choirmaster at which Italian church? St. Peter’s in Rome Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass reflects the Catholic Church’s belief that heavenly sounds produced by trained True professionals would be more spiritually powerful than the rough song of an untrained congregation. Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass was likely performed a cappella. Renaissance composers concentrated on the Ordinary for True their musical settings of the Catholic Mass. Some cardinals in the Council of Trent advocated for abolishing polyphony altogether and returning to True Gregorian chant. The Catholic Church’s effort during the early sixteenth century to recapture the loyalty of its followers through a Counter-Reformation. return to true Christian piety is known as the The Gloria from Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass belongs False to the Proper (the variable part of the Mass celebration). The Protestant Reformation was started by Martin Luther. The harmony of the Gloria from Palestrina’s Pope True Marcellus Mass is best described as full and consonant. The sixteenth century has come to be regarded as the a cappella golden age of the ______ style. The text of the Gloria in Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass is easily understood, due largely to its syllabic nature and True Palestrina’s frequent use of homorhythm. A list of reforms Martin Luther proposed for the What are the Ninety-Five Theses? practices of the Catholic Church. All possible answers. A reenactment of Christ’s Last Supper with his disciples. A daily service in the What is the Mass? Catholic Church. The most solemn ritual of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church committee that met in response What was the Council of Trent? to the Protestant Reformation. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about He was a leading member of the Council of Trent. Martin Luther? Which part of the Mass Ordinary is not in Latin? Kyrie Which statement does NOT describe the typical church Women sang the upper voices, and men sang the choir of the Renaissance? lower voices. Which was NOT an objection of the Council of Trent to the The performance of plainchant by women and music in the church service? children. Which was a recommendation of the Council of Trent Make the words more understandable. regarding music for the church? Which was the language of learning in the Middle Ages and Latin Renaissance? Early instrumental music relied on the improvisation skills True of players. Early instruments were grouped into the same general True families as modern ones. Instrumental music first flourished in conjunction with dance Instrumental music in the Renaissance was performed False strictly with no embellishment of the notated music. Louder (outdoor) Renaissance instruments were haut. categorized as Musical instruments in the Renaissance were categorized True by the loudness of sound they produced. Renaissance instruments that were appropriate for indoor bas. performances were categorized as Specific instruments to be used were often identified in the False musical scores for Renaissance dance music. virtually all the brass and woodwind Susato is considered a musical jack-of-all trades because he played instruments of his day. Susato was a member of the ______ city band, an esteemed group of five instrumentalists who performed regular town Antwerp concerts. Susato’s Danserye is a collection of popular dances. Susato’s Three Dances are examples of which kind of ronde instrumental dance? The knowledge of instruments and performance practice artwork and historical documents. from the Middle Ages and Renaissance comes from The members of the esteemed Antwerp city band were True expert improvisers. The pavane, saltarello, and ronde are all dances. all possible answers was originally a country dance is The ronde danced in a circle or line is a group-oriented dance There was much flexibility of performance of instrumental Renaissance music, based on the occasion and which True instruments were on hand. all possible answers instrumentalist. music publisher. Tielman Susato was well known for his work as a composer. What do the repeated dance sections of Susato’s Three Perform melodic embellishments. Dances allow the musicians to do? Which instrument is an ancestor of the oboe? shawm Which instrument is an early version of the trombone? sackbut Which is a plucked string instrument? lute Which of the following dance forms is found in sixteenth- saltarello century publications? Books of dance music became available for amateur Which of the following is a true statement? and professional players during the Renaissance. Which was NOT a common percussion instrument from the sackbut Renaissance?