Psychology Exam Complete Vocablary

AP Psychology Vocabulary List To be successful on the AP Exam, knowledge of the discipline’s vocabulary is a must. This is a working list of terms that often appear on the AP Psychology exam. Every Friday you will have to turn in a handwritten definition in your own words with examples or diagrams when necessary. Some terms have multiple terms within it, so the actual number of terms you turn in each week will vary. An announced vocabulary quiz will be given each week to assess comprehension. Quizzes will be comprehensive after the first quiz. The second quiz will include the terms from the first and so on; so when you take the final vocabulary quiz it can cover all of the terms. The vocabulary terms will be written on 3 x 5 index cards. The terms will be written on the blank side and the definition will be written on the flip side. The cards will count as a class work grade. Unit I 1. psychology 2. empiricism 3. structuralism 4. functionalism 5. seven perspectives of psychology on page 11 6. humanistic psychology 7. biopsychosocial approach 8. nature vs. nurture issue 9. basic research vs. applied research 10. counseling vs. clinical psychology 11. psychiatry 12. hindsight bias 13. critical thinking 14. theory 15. hypothesis 16. operational definition 17. replication 18. case study advantages vs. disadvantages 19. survey advantages vs. disadvantages 20. naturalistic observation 21. population 22. random sample 23. random assignment 24. false consensus effect 25. correlation and correlation coefficient 26. illusory correlation 27. scatter plot 28. experiment- experimental condition, control condition, IV, DV, 29. placebo effect 30. double-blind procedure 31. mean, mode, median 32. standard deviation vs. range 33. statistical significance 34. APA - American Psychological Association 35. frequency polygon 36. descriptive vs. inferential statistics 37. histogram 38. ethics of testing 39. Wilhelm Wundt 40. William James 41. bell curve Unit II 42. neuron- various types- motor, sensory & interneurons 43. parts of the neuron: dendrite, axon, myelin sheath, synapse 44. action potential vs. resting potential 45. threshold& all or nothing response 46. depolarization 47. refractory period 48. neurotransmitters see chart on page 58 ACh, Dopamine, Serotonin, Endorphins, Norephinephrine, GABA & Glutamate 49. Nervous System- Central and Peripheral 50. Somatic and Autonomic Nervous system 51. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System 52. Reflex 53. Neural Networks 54. Endocrine System 55. hormones 56. Adrenal glands 57. Pituitary Glands 58. lesion 59. EEG 60. PET 61. MRI and fMRI 62. brainstem 63. medulla 64. reticular formation 65. thalamus 66. cerebellum 67. limbic system 68. amygdala 69. hypothalamus 70. cerebral cortex 71. glial cells 72. blood brain barrier and L-Dopa 73. Lobes of the brain: frontal, parietal, occipital & temporal 74. motor and sensory cortex 75. association areas 76. aphasia 77. Broca’s Area 78. Wernike’s Area 79. plasticity 80. Corpus Callosum 81. Split Brain and what the left and right can do Unit III- Developmental Psychology 82.Developmental Psychology 83. Zygote, Embryo & Fetus 84. Genotype vs. Phenotype 85. teratogens 86. FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 87. Rooting, Moro &Babinsky Reflexes 88. Novelty Preference 89. Habituation 90. Feral Children 91. Schema 92. Assimilation vs. Accommodation 93. Piaget’s Stages of Development 94. Egocentricism 95. Theory of Mind 96. Autism 97. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development 98. Carol Gilligan’s Critiques of Kohlberg’s Theory 99. Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation 100. Attachment Secure vs. Insecure 101. Basic Trust 102. Stranger Anxiety 103. Harry Harlow’s Attachment Experiment 104. Critical Period 105. Imprinting 106. Adolescence 107. Puberty 108. Primary vs. Secondary Sex Characteristics 109. Menarche 110. Erik Erickson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development 111. Alzheimer’s disease 112. crystallized intelligence vs. fluid intelligence 113. Cross-Sectional vs. Longitudinal Studies 114. Cross Cultural Studies 115. social clock Unit IV- Sensation 116. Sensation & perception 117. bottom-up processing vs. top-down processing 118. psychophysics 119. absolute threshold 120. signal detection theory 121. subliminal 122. priming 123. difference threshold (jnd) 124. Weber’s law 125. sensory adaptation 126. transduction 127. wavelength 128. hue 129. intensity 130. parts of the eye: pupil, iris, lens, retina, fovea, retinal ganglion cells 131. accommodation 132. visual acuity 133. nearsightedness& farsightedness 134. rod vs. cones 135. blind spot & optic nerve 136. feature detector cells: Hubel and Wisel’s research on visual processing 137. parallel processing 138. Young-Hemholtz trichromatic theory 139. opponent-process theory (include complimentary colors) 140. color constancy 141. color blindness kinds 142. audition 143. frequency 144. pitch 145. parts of the ear: middle ear, cochlea , inner ear 146. place theory vs. frequency theory localization of sound 147. conduction hearing loss vs. sensorineural hearing loss 148. cochlear implant 149. the four types of skin sensations 150. galvanic skin response (GRS) 151. gate-control theory of pain 152. gustatory sense: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami 153. olfaction 154. sensory interaction 155. kinesthesis 156. vestibular sense Unit IV- Perception 157. selective attention 158. inattentional blindness 159. visual capture 160. gestalt: proximity, similarity, continuity, connectedness 161: figure ground relationship 162. depth perception 163. visual cliff 164. binocular cues 165. retinal disparity 166. convergence 167. monocular cues: 168. relative size 169. interposition 170. relative clarity 171. texture gradient 172. relative height 173. relative motion or apparent motion 174. linear perspective 175. light and shadow 176. phi phenomenon 177. perceptual constancies: 178. size constancy 179. color constancy 180. lightness (brightness) constancy 181. shape constancy 182. space constancy (self-motion vs object motion) 183. Moon Illusion 184. perceptual adaptation 185. perceptual set 186. context effects 187. human factors psychology 188. extrasensory perception (ESP) 189. parapsychology 190. ganzfeld procedure Unit V- Consciousness 191. consciousness, unconscious & subconscious 192. biological rhythms 193. circadian rhythm 194. REM sleep & REM rebound 195. beta waves, alpha waves& delta waves 196. hallucinations 197. sleep disorders: insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea & night terrors 198. dreams, manifest content vs. latent content 199. hypnosis, posthypnotic suggestion & dissociation 200. psychoactive drugs 201. tolerance 202. withdrawal 203. physical dependence vs. psychological dependence 204. addiction 205. depressants 206. stimulants 207. hallucinogens 208. barbiturates 209. opiates 210. amphetamine 211. methamphetamine 212. cocaine 213. MDMA 214. LSD 215. THC 216. Freudian analysis of dreams 217. dualists vs. monists Unit VI- Social Psychology 218. social psychology 219. attribution theory 220. fundamental attribution error 221. attitude 222. foot-in-the-door phenomenon 223. Hawthorne Effect 224. Zimbardo prison experiment 225. cognitive dissonance theory 226. conformity 227. Solomon Asch studies 228. normative social influence 229. informational social influence 230. Milgram’s experiments on obedience 231. social facilitation 232. social loafing 234. deindiviuation 235. group polarization 236. group think 237. power of social influence- social control vs. personal control 238. minority influence 239. prejudice and four cognitive ways we maintain prejudice 240. stereotype 241. discrimination 242. overt prejudice vs. subtle prejudice 243. blame the victim dynamic by Gordon Allport 244. ingroupvsoutgroup and an outgroup bias 245. scapegoat theory 246. just-world phenomenon 247. aggression 248. frustration aggression principle 249. agression-replacement programs 250. social scripts 251. catharsis hypothesis 252. social learning theory 253. Albert Bandura Bobo doll experiment 254. conflict 255. social traps 256. mirror-image perceptions of conflict 257. three factors of attraction: proximity, physical attractiveness & similarity 258. Zajonc’s mere exposure effect 259. reward theory of attraction 260. passionate love vs. companionate love 261. two components of companionate love equity & self disclosure 262. altruism 263. bystander intervention and factors that influence it 264. Kitty Genovese Murder and the bystander effect 265. social exchange theory 266. reciprocity norm 267. social responsibility norm 268. superordinate goals 269. GRIT Unit VII-Motivation & Emotion 270. motivation 271. instinct 272. drive-reduction theory 273. homeostasis 274. incentive 275. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 276. self-actualization needs 277. glucose 278. lateral hypothalamus 279. ventromedial hypothalamus 280. orexin, ghrelin,leptin, PYY 281. set point 282. basal metabolic rate 283. anorexia nervosa 284. bulimia nervosa 285. sexual response cycle 286. refractory period 287. sexual disorder 288. estrogen 289. testosterone 290. predictors of sexual restraint 291. sexual orientation 292. flow 293. industrial-organizational psychology 294. personnel psychology 295. organizational psychology 296. interviewer illusion 297. structured interview vs. unstructured interview 298. 360-degree feedback 299. halo error, leniency and severity errors 300. task leadership 301. social leadership 302. emotion 303. James-Lange theory 304. Cannon-Bard theory 305. Schacter-Singer two factor theory 306. Autonomic nervous system 307. sympathetic vs. parasympathetic nervous system 308. arousal& performance 309. the spillover effect 310. polygraph 311. the speedy low road vs thinking high road for emotional responses 312. amygdala 313. facial feedback effect 314. two dimensions of emotion 315. anterior cingulate 316. catharsis theory 317. feel-good, do good phenomenon 318. subjective well-being 319. adaptation level phenomenon 320. relative deprivation 321. predictors of happiness Unit VIII- Learning 322. learning 323. associative learning 324. classical conditioning- US-UR-CS-CR 325. behaviorism 326. stages of learning- acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery 327. generalization vs. discrimination 328. operand conditioning 329. respondent behavior / operant behavior 330. law of effect 331. operant chamber 332. shaping& chaining 333. positive& negative reinforcement 334. reinforcers- primary & secondary 335. continuous vs. partial reinforcement 336. schedules of reinforcement -FI, FR, VI, VR 337. punishment 338. cognitive map 339. latent learning 340. John Garcia’s ideas w animals & conditioning 341. Clever Hans experiment 342. intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation 343. observational learning 344. modeling 345. mirror neurons 346. prosocial behavior 347. aversive conditioning Unit IX- Memory & Thinking 348. memory 349. flashbulb memory 350. encoding/storage /retrieval 351. Atkinson &Shiffrin’s classic Three-Stage Processing Model 352. sensory memory 353. short-term memory & long-term memory 354. working memory 355. episodic memory 356. declarative vs. procedural memory 357. automatic processing vs. effortful processing 358. rehearsal 359. next-in-line effect 360. spacing effect 361. Ebbinghaus research on memory 362. serial position effect 363. visual encoding / acoustic encoding / semantic encoding 364. imagery 365. mnemonics 366. method of loci 367. chunking 368. iconic memory or eidetic memory / echoic memory 369. long-term-potentiation 370. amnesia 371. implicit memory vs. explicit memory 372. recall vs. recognition 373. relearning 374. priming 375. priming 376. deja vu 377. mood-congruent memory 378. proactive interference 379. retroactive interference 380. repression 381. repression 382. misinformation effect 383. source amnesia 384. Elizabeth Loftus research on eye witness testimony Thinking & Language 385. cognition 386. concepts 387. prototypes 388. algorithm 389. heuristic 390. insight 391. confirmation bias 392. fixation 393. mental set 394. functional fixedness 395. representativeness heuristic 396. availability heuristic 397. overconfidence 398. framing 399. belief bias 400. belief perseverance 401. language 402. phonemes 403. morpheme 404. grammar 405. semantics 406. syntax 407. babbling stage 408. one-word stage 409. two-word stage 410. telegraphic speech 411. Noam Chomsky’s research 412. linguistic determinism Unit X- Mental Disorders & Therapy 413. psychological disorder 414. ADHD and the three key symptoms 415. medical model 416. biopsyschosocial approach 417. DSM-IV TR 418. 5 Levels of the DSM IV TR 419. anxiety disorders- (4) generalized anxiety disorder/panic disorder/phobia/OCD 420. PTSD 421. DID or MPD/ dissociative fugue/dissociative amnesia 422. somatoform disorders -conversion disorder/hypochondriasis/somatization/pain disorder 423. mood disorders 424. dysthymic disorder 425. major depressive disorder 426. mania 427. bipolar disorder 428. postpartum depression 429. social cognitive perspective on depression 430. depression’s vicious cycle 431. schizophrenia/ disorganized thought /delusions, hallucinations/inappropriate emotions 432. Types of schizophrenia- paranoid/catatonic/ undifferentiated 433. Possible causes of schizophrenia 434. ECT 435. personality disorders: antisocial /dependent/histrionic/ obessive-compulsive/ paranoid/schizotypal/narcissism/borderline 437. psychotherapy 438. biomedical therapy 439. eclectic approach 440. psychoanalysis/resistance/interpretation/transference 441. client-centered therapy/active listening 442. behavior therapy 443. counterconditioning 444. exposure therapies 445. systematic desensitization 446. virtual reality exposure therapy 447. aversive conditioning 448. token economy 449. cognitive therapy 450. cognitive-behavior therapy 451. Albert Ellis-RET 452. irrational ideas/internalized sentences/ awfulize 453. group therapy 454. family therapy 455. regression toward the mean 456. meta-analysis 457. psychopharmacology 458. tardive dyskinesia 459. antianxiety drugs/Xanax/Ativan 460. antidepressant drugs /SSRI’s-Prozac/Zoloft/Paxil 461. mood stabilizing drug- lithium 462. ECT 463. repetitivetranscranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) 464. psychosurgery 465. lobotomy 466. milieu therapy Unit XI- Intelligence 467. intelligence 468. reification 469. factor analysis 470. Charles Spearman- general intelligence (g factor) 471. L.L. Thurstone seven clusters of primary mental abilities 472. savant syndrome 473. Howard Garner &multiple Intelligence's 474. Robert Sternberg triarchic theory 475. Emotional Intelligence 4 aspects 476. creativity 477. convergent and divergent thinking 478. 5 components of creativity 479. intelligence tests 480. Alfred Binet- Stanford BinetTest 481. mental age 482. Lewis Terman& the innate IQ 483. William Stern’s intelligence quotient 484. aptitude tests v achievement tests 485. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) & WISC 486. Psychological Tests Three Criteria: standardized, reliable and valid 487. normal curve/distribution/ bell curve 488. Flynn Effect 499. content validity 500. predictive validity 501. criterion 502. mental retardation 503. Down Syndrome 504. Gender similarities and differences 505. two meanings of bias 506. stereotype threat