Introduction to Psychology: Consciousness

Consciousness - Consciousness - man's subjective experience of the world and the mind - Consciousness and unconsciousness, the mind's eyes opening and closing - Cartesian theater - a mental screen or stage on which things are presented and with the mind interact to be seen. The Eye (Daniel Dennet) - Secrets of Consciousness O Other sciences can observe observable objects, and psychology can too, but the challenge is to understand the objects I The old physicist is not interested, not the neuron, That's exactly what psychologists do. - want to understand what it means to be human. - Phenomenology : How things appear to a conscious person - The Problem of Other Minds “The Problem of Other Minds - the fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others. There is no clear way to distinguish a conscious person from someone who is  There is no clear way to distinguish a conscious person from someone who does or says the same thing as a conscious person,  There is no way to know whether another person's experience is similar to your own. ; I People evaluate the mind by its ability to experience and act (the ability to control, plan, remember or think)  The Mind-Body Problem  The Mind-Body Problem : the question of how the mind works in relation to the brain and the body  The mind is what the brain does, that is, we say that they are connected everywhere  The actions of the brain are similar to those of the Consciousness ahead  The brain shows electrical activity about half a second before voluntary action  This also shows that the brain shows electrical activity before making a conscious decision.  The Nature of Consciousness  The Nature of Consciousness Four Basic Properties - Intentionality of consciousness - Quality of focus on an object - Conscious attention is limited - Unity of consciousness - Resistance of consciousness to division - With divided attention you are not as productive - Selectivity of consciousness - The ability of Consciousness of paying attention to some objects and not others - Tests show that second messages are filtered out during dichotic listening , while at the same time participants notice the voice change from male to female in the second message - Cocktail phenomenon: people connect with a message even when others are listening in the environment is filtered out - Transient consciousness o Tendency of consciousness to change - Consciousness is a flow - Levels of consciousness - Minimal consciousness - low level of sensory perception and reactions that take place during thought provide sensations and can trigger behaviors - Consciousness - consciousness in which you know and can report your mental state - People constantly switch between these two states of consciousness, for example daydreaming, getting carried away with reading -Self-consciousness - a certain level of consciousness in which People who draw attention to themselves as an object - A self-confident person is self-critical, that is, they tend to control themselves We are in the land of self-confidence - According to self-confidence tests If you look at the mirror image of self-recognition, you are only yourself a few animals and people became aware of themselves after 18 months - Conscious Content - Thinking out loud is a way to learn what's going on in people's minds. - A more systematic approach is the experience sampling technique. - People are asked to report their conscious experiences at specific times. - Consciousness, unless focused on The surrounding environment is often focused on current events or what the person keeps thinking about conscious mental states - Thought suppression - conscious avoidance of thoughts - Rebound effect of thought suppression – Tendency for thoughts to return to consciousness more frequently after suppression - cannot consciously communicate my perceptions - Subliminal perception occurs, but to a small extent - sleep and dream Good night, mind - Altered state of consciousness - forms of experience that differ from the normal subjective experience of the world and mind I'm sleeping - Hypnagogic state - consciousness before sleep o Hypnic jolt - sudden shaking or feeling of falling o Hypnopompic state - consciousness after sleep - Sleep cycle - Circadian rhythm - it's a natural two hour cycle - If we wouldn't do If we don't do that, we have natural light and no clock, in humans it is 2fi.1 hours I fi Phases of the sleep cycle - Sleep phase - Sleep paralysis - the experience of waking up and being unable to move - A disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the midst of waking activity - Night terrors - sudden awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal - Dream theories - Freudian - Measuring dreams Manifest content - the apparent theme of dreams or their surface meaning - Latent content - the true hidden meaning of dreams - Activation synthesis model - the theory that dreams arise when the brain tries to make sense of activations that happen randomly during sleep occur - Drugs and consciousness : artificial inspiration - Psychoactive drugs - chemicals that affect consciousness or behavior by altering the transmission of chemical information in the brain - Drug use and abuse - Drug tolerance - the tendency to require higher doses of one Drug substance when taken for a long period of time to produce the same effect on a critical and frightened system - Alcohol : the king of depressants - Expectancy theory : the idea that the effects of alcohol can be based on people's expectations about how alcohol affects people in certain situations - Design of a balanced placebo: a designed study, in which the behavior is observed after the presence or absence of a real stimulus as well as after the presence or absence of a placebo stimulus - Alcohol myopia - a condition that occurs when alcohol reduces attention and causes people to respond more easily to complex situations to concentrate, to react - Stimulants : stimulating substances of the central nervous system that increase excitement and activity - Narcotics (opiates), opium-based addictive substances and painkillers - Endorphins : neurotransmitters with a similar structure to opiates, which apparently play a role play in brain function. Dealing with pain and stress internally o Hallucinogens - drugs that alter sensation and perception, often causing visual and auditory hallucinations - Normally non-addictive - Marijuana - hemp leaves and buds - Contains THC - Quote : “In general, would It seems that the greatest danger associated with marijuana is that its use is illegal - Hypnosis : openness to suggestion o Hypnosis - an altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestibility and the feeling that our Movements are involuntary o Mesmerism - by Franz Anton Hypnotist - Not everyone can be hypnotized and the effect varie greatly - Hypnotic effect - Remedy for memory loss - Hypnosis can impair memory - Posthypnotic amnesia - inability to recall memories after hypnosis Tips for forgetting o Hypnotic analgesia - pain relief through hypnosis in people sensitive to hypnosis - Meditation and religious experiences - Meditation - the practice of contemplation Hypnosis - Alpha wave patterns associated with EEG meditation o Ecstatic religious experiences - People who feel religious passion show the same type of brain activation that occurs in some cases of epilepsy - Some people who have seizures describe religious auras - One man, - was having religious visions related to the seizures, and when the tumor was removed during surgery to eliminate the seizures, the visions also stopped.