University:
Yeshiva University
Course:
BIO1011 | Biology Principles Lectures
Academic year:

2021
Views:

316

Pages:

1
Author:

Stevan J.

Types of Adenohypophysis Hormones Pituitary hormone secretion is also controlled by the hypothalamus, influenced by many factors, including natural hormone drugs or hormone antagonists. Pituitary hormones regulate the synthesis of and secretion of hormones and chemicals in target cells, on the other hand, the hormones secreted also regulate pituitary secretion. In vertebrates, there are 10 known hormones produced by the pituitary gland, 6 of which are known for their use in humans, the role of the rest is unknown. At this time the amino acid composition of all pituitary hormones is known and some can be synthesized in whole or in part. This makes it easier to mass produce hormones quickly using genetic engineering methods. This process is important because in general pituitary hormones are very species specific, so that a source for qualified clinical use is only possible from human pituitary extracts. a. The function of growth hormone is clearly for growth, a deficiency of this hormone in children causes dwarfism, while an excess of this hormone causes gigantism in children or acromegaly in adults. Growth hormone primarily influences carbohydrate and fat metabolism, with the mechanism of action being unclear. Growth hormone exhibits an anti-insulin effect, namely increasing blood sugar levels, but besides that, it also has an insulin-like effect, namely inhibiting the release of fatty acids and stimulating the absorption of amino acids by cells. b. Prolactin In humans the only clear function of prolactin is during lactation. Prolactin influences the function of the mammary glands in preparing, initiating, and maintaining lactation. Prolactin secretion is the baby's suction when breastfeeding (suckling). Prolactin secretion inhibits gonadotropins which in turn affects ovarian function. That all explains temporary infertility in nursing mothers. c. Gonadotropins The pituitary produces 2 types of gonadotropins that regulate the reproductive organs, namely FSH and LH. Both are regulated by the hypothalamus through the releasing hormone LHRH (LH releasing hormone) or another name GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone). In women, FSH causes the development of primary follicles into Graafian follicles. After the follicles develop, LH will stimulate the follicles to secrete estrogen and progesterone. In men, FSH functions to ensure spermatogenesis, then LH stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone.

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