University:
York University
Course:
CHEM 2550 | Pharmacology for Health Sciences
Academic year:

2022
Views:

36

Pages:

2
Author:

Niklas

Acetaminophen: Non-opioid analgesic, NOT an NSAID, antiinflammatory action or antiplatelet MOA: Unknown Theories? Might weakly inhibit prostaglandins Activate the cannabinoids Increase serotonin levels in brain, which helps modulates pain. Uses: Relieves pain + fever Administration: Oral (with or without food), Max: 4g daily from all sources. Lower 4 elderly / hepatic impairment (2-3g daily) p299 Do not use medicate 4 >10 days ADRs: Low toxicity, monitor LFTs, monitor 4 signs of hepatotoxicity. Caution: use with caution in pts with hepatic impairment Interactions: ↑ effect with caffeine; avoid alcohol while taking acetaminophen; ↓ effect / OPs, antacids (take 1-2 hours apart from other drugs) May interact / potentially hepatotoxic herbs: echinacea, kava Acetaminophen DD-Antidote: N-acetylcysteine used in pt with high risk of liver failure. Opioids Analgesics Opioid analgesics- "Mu" agonists - morphine like drugs MOA: Binds to opioid receptors in CNS-> pain preception; also suppresses cough center in brain. Uses: moderate to severe pain, palliative Admin: Varies S/ADRs: constipation, N/V, urinary retention, itching, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression. Signs of OD: pinpoint pupils. pg 302: Reversal agent: Naloxone Only lasts about 20 minutes, repeat dosing may be needed, IV IM SC intranasal Interactions: ↑ effects of ETOH, sedatives, antipsychotics, muscle relaxants. St. John's may affect PCA: Patient Controlled Analgesia Gives pt control over pain management Usually morphine, hydromorphone, or fentanyl. Triptans: Sumatriptan MOA: Serotonin agonist - induce vasoconstriction of extracranial arteries Uses: Migraine headache Pulsatile quality Escrutiating pain, generally situated around one eye 1 day duration Unilateral location No nausea/ vomiting Lasts 5min-3hrs Disabling intensity Other s/s on affected side Admin: Oral, sublingual, intranasal SE/ADR: Dizziness, drowsy, flushing, blurred vision, pruritis, HTN or hyp, angina, bradycardia/tachycardia, tremors, hearing loss (2 triptans) Contraindications: Uncontrolled HTN Hx of recent MI CAD Interactions: SSRI, St John's wort may cause serotonin syndrome: too much serotonin stimulating basal ganglia - tachycardia, HTN, hyperthermia, agitation, tremors, muscle rigidity, etc...