University:
American Career College
Course:
MA700 | Clinical Procedures and Pharmacology
Academic year:

2021
Views:

171

Pages:

50
Author:

SeaPoke

Laboratory Diagnosis of Termatoda Flukes Adult worm of Fasciola hepatica • Introduction to Termatoda – Morphology • organs  The egg of Fasciola hepatica  The cercaria of Fasciola hepatica  Adult worm of Dicrocoelium dendriticum  The egg of Dicrocoelium dendriticum • Liver Flukes – Fasciola hepatica – Dicrocoelium dendriticum  Male and female worms of Schistosoma haematobium  The egg of Schistosoma haematobium  Male and female worms of Schistosoma mansoni • Blood Flukes  Schistosoma ― Schistosoma haematobium ― Schistosoma mansoni ― Schistosoma japonicum  Female worm of Schistosoma mansoni  The egg of Schistosoma mansoni  Male worm of Schistosoma japonicum  Female worm of Schistosoma japonicum  The egg of Schistosoma japonicum  The cercaria of Schistosoma 3 Morphology & General Characteristics Shape Flat and leaf-like except Schistosoma species Cylindrical Size a few mm to several cm The largest human trematode: Fasciolopsis buski 75 mm × 20 mm The smallest human trematode: Heterophyes heterophyes < 2 mm × 0.5 mm 4 Morphology & General Characteristics Suckers  Anterior Oral Sucker the mouth of the worm Posterior Ventral Sucker the worm attaches itself to its host Acetabulum 5 Morphology & General Characteristics  Digestive tract Incomplete alimentary canal without anus Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Gut Caecum Unbranched branched Schistosoma loop 6 Morphology & General Characteristics  Reproductive organs hermaphroditic except for Schistosoma Male reproductive organ Female reproductive organ 7 Morphology & General Characteristics Male Reproductive organs two Testis Round branched Vas efferens Vas deferens Seminal vesicle Cirrus Genital pore 8 Morphology & General Characteristics Female Reproductive organs One Ovary Round branched Vitelline glands Vitelline duct Ootype Uterus Genital pore 9 Morphology & General Characteristics Egg Size 30 μm - 175 μm Operculum: Place of hatching Miracidium except Schistosoma species Operculum shoulder Samll :Clonorchis Spine Opisthorchis large: Schistosoma 10 Morphology of Fasciola hepatica Shape  Flat and leaf-like  Cephalic cone Cephalic cone Size 20-30 mm × 8-13 mm two gut caeca highly branched 11 Morphology of the Adult Fasciola hepatica  Two branched Testis  Dendritic Vitelline glands  One branched Ovary  Uterus 12 Fasciola hepatica Adult worm highly branched intestinal ceca Posterior testis highly branched intestinal ceca Vitelline glands Anterior testis Uterus small, highly branched, Ovary ventral sucker Oral sucker Cephalic cone 13 Fasciola hepatica Adult worm 14 Morphology of Fasciola hepatica Egg  large symmetrical oval  Golden yellow colour  Operculated: Operculum on one pole  Size : 140 μm in length & 75 μm in width  Immature Fasciola eggs in freshwater during 9–15 days Miracidium 15 Fasciola hepatica egg Operculum Operculum Operculum 16 Miracidium of Fasciola hepatica Miracidium 17 Snail intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica For further development, the free-living miracidium must penetrate a freshwater snail usually a species of Lymnaea 18 Sporocysts of Fasciola hepatica 19 Rediae of Fasciola hepatica 20 Rediae of Fasciola hepatica Redia 21 Cercaria of Fasciola hepatica 22 Cercaria of Fasciola hepatica 23 Metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica 24 Morphology of Dicrocoelium dendriticum Adult  Shape: ﬂat and lancet-shaped  Size: 5-15 mm × 1.5-2.5 mm  Two unbranched gut caeca  Two lobate Testis  One round Ovary  restricted Vitelline glands  Uterus 25 Adult Dicrocoelium dendriticum Oral suker Simple intestinal ceca Two lobate Testes One round Ovary restricted Vitelline glands Uterus 26 Morphology of Dicrocoelium dendriticum Egg  asymmetrical oval (one side convex, one side flattened) D- shape Egg  Colour: yellowish-brown  Operculated: Operculum on one pole  Small Size : 40 μm in length & 25 μm in width  mature eggs (Embryonated): Miracidium 27 Eggs of Dicrocoelium dendriticum 28 Adult worm Dicrocoelium dendriticum Fasciola hepatica Egg Dicrocoelium dendriticum Fasciola hepatica Dicrocoelium Dicrocoelium Fasciola Fasciola 29 Schistosomes Unlike all the other trematodes of medical importance, the sexes are separate (dioecious).  In all species the male worm is characteristically boat-shaped, with a central canal (gynaecophoric canal) in which the female lives. 30 Morphology of Male Schistosomes  boat-shaped, with a central canal (gynaecophoric canal)  The cuticle has Tegumental tubercules (Boss), except for S. japonicum  two small suckers  Caecal junction  varying number of testes  Length 10 -15 mm 31 Morphology of Female Schistosomes  The female is longer than the male but much thinner and circular in cross-section.  Length 15-20 mm  The two suckers of the female are very small and weak.  Female Reproductive organs  ovary  Uterus  Vitelline glands  Egg 32 Schistosoma haematobium Male worm  Fine Tuberculations (Boss)  No. of testes: 4–5  Caecal junction: Middle of the boby 33 Schistosoma haematobium female worm The ovary in the posterior third of the body The female has a long uterus in the anterior two-thirds of the body.  N0. of eggs in uterus: 10–50 34 Schistosoma haematobium Male and female worms of Schistosoma haematobium in couple Male worm Ventral sucker 4 testes Female worm Long uterus 10–50 eggs in the uterus Vitelline glands 35 Schistosoma haematobium Egg  symmetrical oval  yellowish brown shell  Without Operculum  Size : 150 μm in length & 62 μm in width  Terminal spine  contain a fully formed miracidium  The eggs are passed in urine. 36 Egg of Schistosoma haematobium egg Terminal spine 37 Schistosoma mansoni male worm  The adults are smaller than those of the other species.  coarse Tuberculations (Boss)  No. of testes: 6–9  Caecal junction: Anterior third of body 38 Schistosoma mansoni Female worm The ovary in the anterior third of the body The female has a short uterus in the anterior third of the body .  N0. of eggs in uterus: 1–2 39 Schistosoma mansoni Male and female worm of Schistosoma mansoni in couple Male worm 6 testes Short uterus 1–2 eggs in the uterus Ovary Female worm Vitelline glands 40 Adult female of Schistosoma mansoni Ovary short uterus N0. of eggs in uterus: 1–2 Vitelline glands 41 Schistosoma mansoni Egg  symmetrical oval  yellowish brown shell  Without Operculum  Size : 140 μm in length & 61 μm in width  Lateral spine  contain a fully formed miracidium  The eggs are passed in the feces. 42 Egg of Schistosoma mansoni Lateral spine Lateral spine 43 Schistosoma japonicum Male worm  No Tuberculations (Boss): The cuticle of the male is smooth.  No. of testes: 6–7  Caecal junction: Posterior third of body 44 Male of Schistosoma japonicum 7 testes 45 Schistosoma japonicum Female worm The female has the ovary at the middle of the body. The female has uterus at anterior half of the body.  N0. of eggs in uterus: 5–200 46 Female of Schistosoma japonicum Ovary Uterus No. of eggs in uterus: 5–200 48 Schistosoma japonicum Egg  Almost Round  yellowish brown shell  Without Operculum  Size : 85 μm in length & 60 μm in width  Small Lateral spine  contain a fully formed miracidium  The eggs are passed in the feces. 48 Schistosoma japonicum egg Small Lateral spine 49 Comparison of the Schistosome Eggs Schistosoma haematobium egg Schistosoma mansoni egg Schistosoma japonicum egg 50 Cercaria of schistosoma Forked tail 51