Bioventing Journal Resume

Bioventing Journal Resume ● Bioventing This journal discusses the application of a simple bioventing filtration technique with the addition of Effective Microorganisms (EM4) to treat wastewater from the laundry industry. In order to improve environmental quality, wastewater treatment is an important aspect that needs to be considered. In this context, the study uses the bioventing technique as an alternative method integrated with simple filtration and EM4 administration. Bioventing is a soil remediation technique that uses oxygen-enriched air to increase the biodegradation of contaminant compounds in the soil. This process aims to accelerate the degradation process of organic compounds contained in wastewater, which in this context comes from laundry waste. The bioventing technique works by increasing the supply of oxygen into the soil, so that microorganisms can effectively decompose the organic compounds present in the wastewater. Steps in bioventing involve the placement of ventilation wells in contaminated areas. Oxygen-containing air is channeled into the soil through these wells. This process stimulates the activity of microorganisms that can decompose organic compounds, thus creating an environment conducive to biodegradation. In this journal, bioventing is combined with simple filtration and the addition of EM4. Simple filtration aims to capture large particles and reduce solids levels in wastewater. Meanwhile, the addition of EM4 can increase the activity of microorganisms that play a role in the waste degradation process. The integration of these three techniques is expected to provide optimal results in laundry wastewater treatment. Bioventing can be categorized as an in situ bioremediation method. In situ bioremediation refers to the process of treating contaminants that is carried out at the location of the source of pollution without the need to move soil or wastewater. By using bioventing techniques, the bioremediation process can be carried out efficiently without damaging the surrounding environment. ● Bioaugmentation This journal discusses in situ engineering type bioremediation, namely bioaugmentation, in the sense that bioaugmentation is a bioremediation method that adds microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or algae to the contaminated site as a contaminant cleaner in the area. The advantages of this technique are that it is effective, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly where bacterial isolates or microbial consortiums are applied to the contaminated site. This journal discusses the use of bacteria for bioremediation of diesel oil pollution in groundwater in the Gedongtengen District area caused by the activities of Tugu Station. Briefly, the bioaugmentation process scheme that is carried out begins with monitoring the initial condition at the polluted location, this includes variables such as groundwater level, direction and speed of soil flow, and contaminant concentration. Next, the selection of remediation technology (Monitored Natural Attenuation, Biostimulation, Bioaugmentation) which is adjusted to the conditions in the field, it depends on the initial conditions and the ability of indigenous bacteria to degrade existing pollutants. Bioaugmentation is chosen when indigenous bacteria are inefficient at degrading pollutants. Then the selection of bacterial cultures and the implementation of tests in the laboratory to produce bacterial cultures according to the required quantities are also carried out. After the bacteria are ready, the bacterial culture will be injected into the contaminated area. Then after injection, periodic observations must be made to monitor the performance of the bacterial culture that has been added in degrading the pollutants in the contaminated area. ● Composting The journal entitled "Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated with Used Oil Waste with Composting Method" discusses the bioremediation of soil contaminated with waste oil using the composting method which aims to determine the TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) value of waste and its relationship with environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, water content, density, and Total Plate Count. The bioremediation process of soil contaminated with waste oil by the composting method is carried out by collecting samples of soil contaminated with used oil, then sample preparation by separating foreign materials and sifting to obtain a uniform particle size, making a mixture by mixing contaminated soil, compost, and liquid fertilizer in a certain ratio. The composting process by placing the mixture in a container and allowing it to undergo hydrocarbon degradation by microorganisms in the compost and monitoring environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, water content, density, and Total Plate Count. TPH analysis to measure the degree of hydrocarbon degradation in the sample and evaluate the results to determine the effectiveness of composting in hydrocarbon separation. The method used is included in the ex situ category. Ex situ bioremediation is a method in which a sample of contaminated soil is taken from its original location and processed outside of that location. Based on the content of this journal, soil samples contaminated with used oil are collected from a predetermined location, then processed through the composting method in a suitable container. Therefore, the method used in this journal is included in the ex situ category, where the bioremediation process is carried out outside the origin location of the contaminated soil. ● Bioreactor The journal entitled "Utilization of Bacillus Cereus Bacteria in the Bioremediation Process of Petroleum Contaminated Soil with the Slurry Bioreactor Method" discusses the importance of handling environmental pollution due to oil and gas waste. Indonesia as One of the world's largest petroleum producers faces challenges in managing waste generated from oil exploration and processing activities. The journal focuses on bioremediation technology using Bacillus Cereus bacteria in a Slurry Bioreactor, a method that can address petroleumcontaminated soil contamination. The method described in this journal is included in the ex situ category, where the bioremediation process is carried out outside the contaminated soil location. The process begins with the collection of petroleum-contaminated soil samples from a predetermined location. The samples were then processed through the bioreactor slurry method which involved a mixture of contaminated soil, water (aquades), and Bacillus cereus bacteria in the reactor in the form of cylindrical drums. Each reactor is equipped with a stirring motor and an aeration system to support the bioremediation process. The measured parameters involved the concentration of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) as well as the concentration of Bacillus cereus bacteria to measure the effectiveness of bioremediation. This journal also discusses the benefits of research, including providing an alternative to waste treatment technology with a bioreactor system, which utilizes microbes as a reducer of harmful substances in petroleum. This research is expected to contribute to overcoming the impact of environmental pollution due to petroleum spills, as well as providing kinetic data that is useful for designing bioreactors effectively. As such, the journal is not only relevant for petroleum waste management, but also has the potential to be applied to various other types of environmental pollution. ● Biopile Biopile is an ex situ waste management system that uses microorganisms to decompose organic compounds in waste. Biopile is generally used as a remediation method for soil contaminated by chemicals or oil waste. This journal discusses the management of sludge waste derived from the rest of the reservoir cleaning, pipe leaks, spills or spills of crude oil during the exploration, production, and transportation process. Several waste parameters were measured by the following methods: TPH concentration, pH, humidity, and total petrophilic bacteria using the Total Viabel Count (TVC) method. In this method, three isolated local petrophilic bacteria were selected and optimized, namely, Pseudomonas sp. (PSP01), Pseudomonas sp. (PSP05), and Bacillus sp. (PSP03). The procedure for this method is as follows: a. The local petrophilic bacteria mixed inoculum consists of three isolates of these bacteria with a ratio of 1:1:1. The manufacture of mixed inoculums is based on the shortest generation time (g) of each bacterial isolate. b. Create a mixing cell for the place where the bioremediation process takes place. Mixing cells are made in two pieces, one mixing cell inoculated with bacteria and the other without inoculated bacteria (control). Monitor during the bioremediation process c. Research results after the process lasted for 1.5 months d. The TPH concentration parameter is below 1% after the bioremediation process is in accordance with the Environmental Quality Standards (BML) in Kep Men LH Number 128 of 2003 e. The ph value did not change significantly in the range of 4.97 to 5.38 f. humidity fluctuates between 60.9–82.5% Conclusion: local petrophilic bacteria are effective as biological agents in the bioremediation process of petroleum waste by biopile method. ● Microorganisms This journal discusses the potential of microorganisms as bioremediation agents for microplastics originating from marine waters. Microplastics are very small pieces or particles and can pollute the environment. In this journal, the bioremediation process is carried out through degradation by increasing the ability of microorganisms to degrade microplastics. Degradation is a process that involves physical or chemical changes in a polymer due to environmental factors such as light, heat, chemical conditions or biological activity. Degradation by microbes is one of the main strategies used for bioremediation of organic compounds. The sustainability of the bioremediation process depends on the potential for degradation and transformation of microorganisms. Bioremediation methods by microbial degradation can remove pollutants from the natural environment or reduce pollutants using indigenous microbial communities available in nature. The degradation process of microplastics is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, pH, humidity, pressure and the role of decomposer microorganisms. Physical and chemical degradation methods have shortcomings because they have a bad impact on the environment, so other treatments are needed, one of which is by using biological methods. Judging from the degradation process, microplastics can decompose physically, chemically, and biologically. Biologically, the degradation process occurs due to the help of organisms that act as remediation agents such as microorganisms that produce enzymes to degrade microplastics. This bioremediation method is included in the in situ category. This is because the degradation process is carried out by utilizing the potential of indigenous microbes or bacteria grown in a media environment exposed to microplastics. The advantage of this method is that it is cheaper and easier, especially in areas that are not reached by heavy equipment to dig up polluted locations. The disadvantage of this method is that the remediation process is highly dependent on the viability of the microorganisms. ● Reclamation The journal entitled "POST-MINING LAND RECLAMATION STRATEGY" discusses that the reclamation of ex-mining land is the restoration of the post-mining ecosystem. This reclamation is one of the in situ bioremediation techniques. Regulation of Law No. 3 of 2020, reclamation is an activity carried out throughout the stages of the mining business to organize, restore, and improve the quality of the environment and ecosystem so that it can function again according to its intended purpose and the principle that each reclamation activity must be considered as a complete unit from the beginning of the development of reclamation activities carried out as early as possible and does not have to wait for the overall mining process to be completed (Izza FR, Nurkhamim, Gunawan 2022). Reclamation of ex-mining land is an effort to improve post-mining environmental conditions, in order to produce a good ecosystem environment and also strive to be better than the initial hue, carried out by considering the potential of excavated materials that are still left behind. Therefore, the process involves top soil conservation, land planning, sediment processing and planting of charming plants, as well as cover crop planting. In the reclamation journal using the method of Pioneering, Clearing, Stripping, and Making benches, block groups and the dimensions of the sediment will also affect. The journal aims to create a safe, stable, and reused environment. Some of the applications of this technique are focused on water, soil, and soil protection, as well as biodiversity. ● Phytoremediation Phytoremediation is one of the water bioremediation techniques that is often used to reduce environmental pollution and waste concentration problems. Phytoremediation is one of the In situ bioremediation techniques, In situ bioremediation techniques involve the treatment of pollutants directly in a polluted place. This phytoremediation utilizes plants to remove contaminants from water and soil. This phytoremediation technique is able to concentrate heavy metal compounds such as cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (Ar) and other pollutants from the environment using plants. The plants used can be this technique, namely accumulator plants that can function to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in wastewater and soil. This plant also acts as a filter and metabolism of substances produced by nature, in addition to that it can also accelerate the rate of degradation to remove contaminants either alone or in conjunction with microorganisms in situ. This phytoremediation technique has 5 mechanisms, including phytoextraction, phytostabilization, rhizofiltration, phytodegradation, and phytoblastylation (Melati 2020). This phytoremediation technique has the advantages of a technique that does not require very high costs and an effective technique to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in the environment polluted by waste. However, this phytoremediation technique has weaknesses, namely the biomass growth process which is quite slow and the root of the plant is very low, so there is an accumulation of pollutants in the plant part that takes place slowly. To overcome the shortcomings of this phytoremediation technique, it is necessary There is a method that can reach the bottom area of waste without reducing the essence of phytoremediation. The appropriate method to overcome this is Electro-Assisted Phytoremediation (EAPR) with the help of electric current (Putra et al. 2018). ● Bioremediation Bioremediation is a biological technique used to remove or remove pollutants from the environment using biological agents such as bacteria, fungi, algae and plants. This bioremediation technique has 2 techniques, namely in situ techniques that have examples such as Natural attenuation, phytoremediation, bioventing, bioaugmentation and biosparging and also ex-situ which has examples such as bioreactor, landfarming and vermicomposting.