Benefit of Bioremediation

A. Benefits of Bioremediation in the Environmental Field Bioremediation by Biocompost on Contaminated Workshop Soil Waste Used Oil in Medan City The bioremediation process is a technique used to clean the environment that is polluted by harmful compounds such as waste oil. In the context of this study, bioremediation is carried out using biocompost as a decomposing agent. Biocompost itself is an organic fertilizer made from materials such as animal manure, plant material, and other organic waste. This bioremediation process involves microorganisms such as hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria that are able to degrade hydrocarbon compounds contained in waste oil. During this process, the bacteria use hydrocarbon compounds as a source of carbon for their metabolism. The environmental benefits of this bioremediation process are significant. First, this process helps reduce or even eliminate levels of harmful compounds such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in polluted soil. This has the potential to restore environmental balance and prevent negative impacts on human health and ecosystems. Second, the use of biocompost as a bioremediation agent helps in recycling organic waste and reducing environmental pollution by such waste. In terms of benefits to the community, this bioremediation process can help maintain public health by cleaning their environment of harmful compounds. In addition, the use of biocompost in the bioremediation process can also provide new economic opportunities, for example by utilizing organic waste as raw materials for biocompost production. From an economic perspective, the bioremediation process can be a promising new industry. The use of biocompost as a bioremediation agent is not only effective in cleaning the environment, but can also be a new source of income for the community, both through the production and sale of biocompost and bioremediation services. The influence of this bioremediation process can be felt directly through improving the quality of the environment and the health of the surrounding community . In addition, this process also has a positive long-term impact on maintaining environmental and economic sustainability . The results of this study show that the use of biocompost in certain concentrations (especially at 70% concentrations) are effective in reducing TPH levels in soil contaminated with waste oil. In addition, the results of this study also revealed changes in other environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, moisture content, and the number of bacterial populations during the bioremediation process. Thus, this research makes an important contribution to the understanding and implementation of bioremediation technology using biocompost to clean up the environment polluted by waste oil, as well as opening up new opportunities for the development of more sustainable industries and agricultural practices. B. Benefits of Bioremediation in the Aquatic Field Bioremediation of Heavy Metals by Marine Fungi Marine fungi are a species that has the potential to be developed in the bioremediation of heavy metals such as tin and copper. The process of bioremediation of metals by fungi can be through chemolysis, ion hydrolysis and precipitation, valence transformation, crystallization, binding and mobilization with EPS (Exopolysaccharides), and adsorption of metals into the cell wall/chitin/chitosan/ metal-binding proteins. The effectiveness of fungi in degrading heavy metals is influenced by the structure of the cell wall, the type of fungi, and the type and concentration of heavy metals. Some of the results of this study show that marine fungi have great potential in the bioremediation of heavy metals in the aquatic environment. They have the ability to accumulate heavy metals, transform heavy metal forms into lighter forms, and reduce their toxicity levels. Secondly, several strains of marine fungi, such as Mucor hiemalis, have been shown to be resistant to various types of heavy metals and are able to remove heavy metals such as Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and U in significant percentages. The three mechanisms of bioremediation of heavy metals by marine fungi include bioaccumulation, biomineralization, biosorbification, and biotransformation. This mechanism involves the production of degradative enzymes, the production of the proteins metallothionein and phytoketin, as well as their complexation with compounds such as glutathione. Fourth, marine fungi also have the potential to produce secondary metabolites, biosurfactants, novel enzymes, polysaccharides, and polyunsaturated fatty acids that can be used in hydrocarbon and heavy metal bioremediation applications. Lastly, the research also shows that the factors that such as temperature, pH, redox potential, nutrients, humidity, and chemical composition of heavy metals can affect the efficiency of bioremediation. Overall , this study shows that marine fungi have great potential in heavy metal bioremediation in aquatic environments. They can be used as effective and sustainable bioremediation agents to clean up environments contaminated with heavy metals. The benefit of bioremediation in the environment is that it converts heavy metals from complex forms to simpler through redox reactions, the toxicity of heavy metal ions can be reduced efficiently. cleans the aquatic environment from heavy metal pollution and other harmful chemicals. removing heavy metals that pollute the aquatic environment, bioremediation helps in the restoration of ecosystems, the removal of heavy metals from the aquatic environment is an environmentally friendly and sustainable technology, and improves environmental health, and improves water quality. C. Benefits of Bioremediation in the Industrial Sector Study of Bioremediation Techniques of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Using Eco-Enzyme In the process of making eco enzyme products, it can be done through the fermentation process of organic waste obtained from the bioaugmentation mechanism. The main ingredients that can be used in the manufacture of this eco enzyme are organic waste such as leftover apple peels, oranges, watermelons, lemons, cucumbers, and green vegetables which are added with water and brown sugar in a ratio of 10:3:1. All of these ingredients are mixed in a tightly closed plastic container and stored for three months. After being stored for three months, eco enzyme is ready to be harvested and applied according to needs. This eco enzyme product can be applied to soil contaminated with heavy metals using bioremediation techniques. The bioremediation technique carried out is a collaboration between biostimulation and bioaugmentation that can improve soil structures contaminated with heavy metals. In this biostimulating agent, it is carried out by adding inorganic fertilizers containing phosphorus and nitrogen, while in afen bioaugmentation can reduce the effectiveness of pollutants in the soil. At the time of the process Bioremediation is successful, then the soil structure can function properly as a place for plant growth. The benefits in the environmental aspect of using ecoenzymes are that they can help in recycling organic waste, reducing water and soil pollution, and improving the balance of the ecosystem. Ecoenzymes can also improve soil quality by increasing their fertility and nutrient content in a way that the enzymes contained in eco-enzyme products will support the bioaugmentation process in decomposing and destroying harmful pollutant compounds, such as heavy metals, into harmless compounds in the environment. The benefits of Ecoenzymes in the community aspect are that the main benefit is its contribution to a cleaner and healthier environment. The use of ecoenzymes can help reduce environmental pollution by breaking down pollutant compounds into safer materials. This can improve the quality of life of the community because it produces cleaner air, clearer water, and more fertile soil. In addition, the use of ecoenzymes can also reduce people's dependence on hazardous chemicals, because ecoenzymes are an environmentally friendly and safe alternative to use. The process of making ecoenzymes that are environmentally friendly is also an effort to manage organic waste, especially household waste. From an economic point of view, the use of ecoenzymes can reduce waste management costs because it can be used to process organic waste into useful products. In addition, the increase in agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability produced by the use of ecoenzymes can also increase farmers' income due to the increase in crop yields from the use of ecoenzymes. Thus, ecoenzymes can provide significant benefits both in terms of the environment, society and economy. The effect of using inorganic fertilizers containing phosphorus and nitrogen as biostimulants, along with eco-enzyme products as bioaugmentation agents, can reduce the level of pollutants in the soil. The microorganisms in the product will produce enzymes that are responsible for breaking down toxic pollutants, converting them into simpler chemical structures, and finally reducing its toxicity level. This bioaugmentation process helps break down harmful pollutant compounds such as heavy metals into compounds that are safer for the environment. With improved soil structure as a result of this process, the soil can become more suitable for plant growth. The results of the administration of eco-enzyme on soil contaminated with heavy metals have been proven to have a positive impact on the growth of chili and aloe vera plants. Compared to soils not treated with eco-enzymes, soils treated showed better fertility levels . Over a 10-week period, the growth of chili and aloe vera plants experienced a significant increase. These results confirm that eco-enzymes contain hydrolytic enzymes that play an important role in maintaining soil fertility. D. Benefits of Bioremediation in Agriculture Pollutants derived from organic compounds can also have the potential to harm the environment and the organisms that live in them. Poor handling of these waste sources can cause various pollutions. One of the techniques that is widely used is Bioremediation. Bioremediation is a technique to degrade or detoxify organic and inorganic pollutants using biological agents . One of the pollutants that can be bioremediated is the heavy metal chromium. Chromium is one of the heavy metals widely used in electroplating industry, metal industry, water cooling, pulp, ore refining, and petroleum. Chromium in nature generally comes in two forms, namely Cr³⁺ and Cr⁶⁺. Cr³⁺ is the form which tends to be adsorbed at the soil surface or deposited in the form of chromium hydroxide. In agriculture, chromium can appear due to the use of pesticides and compost. Bacillus subtilis and Azotobacter S8 are bacteria that are resistant to chromium metal. Bacillus subtilis is able to live in locations contaminated by heavy metals. The process of metal degradation using Azotobacter S8 bacteria, namely bacteria, is to remove heavy metals caused by extracellular polymer components called exopolysaccharides (EPS). Bacillus subtilis and Azotobacter S8 bacteria have a wide variety of benefits. Economically, bioremediation using bacteria is more economical than the use of physical and chemical remediation techniques. Benefits of use Bacillus subtilis bacteria and Azotobacter S8 for the environment are able to carry out a bioremediation process of soil contaminated with heavy metals so that it can remediate the polluted environment, the use of bacteria in the remediation process is more environmentally friendly than the use of chemicals. An environment that is clean from pollutants can have a positive impact on society such as a sense of comfort and creating a clean and healthy environment. Bacillus subtilis and Azotobacter S8 bacteria have a role in the waste degradation process. The results of the use of Bacillus subtilis bacteria and Azotobacter S8 as bioremediation agents can bind metal pollutants so that they can reduce the content of chromium heavy metals due to the use of pesticides and compost in agriculture.