University:
Arizona State University
Course:
BIO 181 | General Biology I
Academic year:

2020
Views:

251

Pages:

2
Author:

Shyanne Johnson

Bio Chapter 16 Vocab 16.1  DNA Replication – the process by which a DNA molecule is copied; also called DNA synthesis  Transformation – a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell  Bacteriophage – a virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage  Virus – an infectious particle incapable of replicating outside of a cell, consisting of an RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protein coat (capsid) and, for some viruses, a membranous envelope  Antiparallel – referring to the arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix (they run opposite 5’ 3’ directions) 16.2  Semiconservative Model – type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the parental molecule, and one newly made strand  Origins of Replication – site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides  Replication Fork – a Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where the parental strands are being unwound and new strands are being synthesized  Helicase – an enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at replication forks, separating the two strands and making them available as template strands  Single-Strand Binding Protein – a protein that binds to the unpaired DNA strands during DNA replication, stabilizing them and holding them apart while they serve as templates for synthesis of complementary strands of DNA  Topoisomerase – a protein that breaks, swivels, and rejoins DNA strands  Primer – a short stretch of RNA with a free 3’ end, bound by complementary base pairing to the template strand and elongated with DNA nucleotides during DNA replication  Primase – an enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make a primer during DNA replication, using the parental DNA strand as a template  DNA Polymerase – an enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by the addition of nucleotides to the 3’ end of an existing chain  Telomeres – the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome’s DNA molecule; telomeres protect the organism’s genes from being eroded during successive rounds of replication  Telomerase – an enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in eukaryotic germ cells 16.3   Nucleoid – a non-membrane bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated Chromatin – the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes