Respiration in Plants & Animals

RESPIRATION IN PLANTS & ANIMALS CONTENTS • Respiration Exhalation : Giving out of air is called exhalation. Breathing involves only exchange of gases. • • Breathing Types of Respiration • Anaerobic Respiration in Human • Respiration in Plants • Respiration in Animals • Respiration system of human • Mechanism of respiration RESPIRATION DIFFERENCE BETWEENBREATHING & RESPIRATION S. NO. Breathing Respiration 1 It is only a physical process in which oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is given out It is a biochemical process in which glucose is oxidized and carbon dioxide and water are released 2 It occurs outside the cells It occurs inside the cells 3 There is no release of energy There is a gradual and step-wise release of energy 4 Enzymes are not involved in the process. Enzymes are involved in the process The process of taking oxygen into the cells, using it for enrgy release & then eliminating the waste products like CO2 & H2O is known as respiration. It is a very slow process. A number of enzyme help in the process of respiration. BREATHING The process of taking in O2 rich air into the lungs & giving out carbon dioxide rich air is known as TYPE OF RESPIRATION breathing. There are 2 types of respiration Breathing process include 2 steps - Inhalation : The process of taking in air is called inhalation. Aerobic respiration : • • In this types of respiration complete oxidation of • glucose take place & CO2, H2O & Energy are for their survival. They also take in oxygen from released. the air and give out carbon dioxide. During this process most of the plants use atmospheric Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen to break down glucose into carbon oxygen & is carried out in the bodies of almost all dioxide and water with the release of energy. living animals & plants • Glucose O2 Aerobic   → respiration CO2 + H2O + Energy leaves. Stomata traps air and the exchange of gases takes place inside the plant cells. In anaerobic respiration, there is incomplete Stomal Apparatus : oxidation of glucose CO2, ethyl alcohol & energy are the end products. • In plants, breathing takes place through tiny holes or openings called stomata present under the Anaerobic respiration : • Like all other living organisms, plants also respire • A stomatal opening surrounded with two guard Anaerobic respiration takes place in the absece of cells and several subsidiary cells is called oxyen. stomatal apparatus. The opening and closing of the stomata is brought about by the expansion and Absence of O 2 Glucose     → Anaerobic respiration contraction of the guard cells. Guard cells expand and contract due to the flow of water in and out of Alcohol + CO2 + Energy the cells. The exchange of gases in plants is not as • Yeast & some bacteria show anaerobic fast as in animals. respiration. • Guard cells Anaerobic respiration in microorganism present in food & alcohol causes fermentation. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION IN HUMAN • During excessive physical exercise, anaerobic Stoma Open respiration takes place in muscle to produce lactic Stomatal Openings Stoma Open acid. • The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle • from the air present between the soil particles. cause fatigue & pain. of O 2 Glucose Absence  → Lactic acid + Energy Plant roots also respire. Roots take in oxygen • Some of the woody stems take in air through openings called lenticels. RESPIRATION IN PLANTS Soil particles Trachea : • The trachea or wind pipe is a delicate muscular tube situated in the front of the neck. It is 12 cm in length and 2.5 cm in diameter. The trachea divides into two bronchi. Root hair Air space Bronchi : • RESPIRATION IN ANIMALS • Each bronchus leads to the lungs of its own side. Each bronchus then branches into smaller tubes known as bronchioles. They end in tiny globules called air sacs or alveoli where exchange of gases takes place. Respiration through moist skin Eg. Frog & Earthworm Lungs : • Respiration through cell membrane Eg. Amoeba • • the chest cavity of the body. Air sacs are richly supplied with blood vessels. When air enters the lungs, the blood takes in oxygen and gives out carbon dioxide and water Respiration through Spiracles Eg. Cockroach • Respiration through gills • The respiratory system in human beings concsists of the following organs Nasal Cavity : • Air enters the nose through the nostrils and reaches the nasal cavity. Larynx : • The nasal cavity leads into the pharynx. From the pharynx air passes into a rectangular chamber called larynx Blood carries oxygen to all parts of the body from the lungs. Eg. Fishes RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF HUMAN Lungs are two in number and are present in • When we exhale, the carbon dioxide rich air follows the reverse route finally moving out through the nose as shown below. Edubull Nose breathing rate. The normal breathing rate in adult at rest ranges from 12 to 20. Nasal cavity Extration Carbon dioxide Inhalation Oxygen Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Bronchioles Alveoli MECHANISM OF BREATHING • Breathing takes place with the help of the intercostal muscles between the ribs and the diaphragm. When we breathe in, the intercostal muscles contract and the ribs are pushed outwards. The chest cavity becomes larger and the air rushes into the lungs. • During breathing out, the intercostal muscles relax and the ribs move inwards. The chest cavity shrinks and the air containing carbon dioxide is pushed out of the lungs. Air drawn into lungs Lungs expand Diaphragm contracts and Flattens Inhalation • Air forced out of lungs Lungs contract Diaphragm relaxes and moves up Exhalation Breathing rate : The number of times a person breathes in a minute is termed as the Power by: VISIONet Info Solution Pvt. Ltd Website : www.edubull.com Mob no. : +91-9350679141