3. Kingdom Protista and Fungi | Arizona State University

University:
Arizona State University
Course:
BIO 181 | General Biology I
Academic year:

2021
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75

Pages:

1
Author:

Allioniy9p

3. KINGDOM PROTISTA AND FUNGI KINGDOM PROTISTA It is a kingdom of unicellular Eukaryotes. It includes unicellular, primarily aquatic Eukaryotes. Many protistian organisms are photcsynthetic autotrophs & are chief producers of oceans and many fresh water environments. Eg : Phyto Plankton (Unicellular Algae, Diatoms) Protozoans (Proto - first; zoan - animals). It is the kingidom which, links procaiyotic monera and the complex multicellular kingdoms of plants, fungi, & animals. Protists reproduce asexually by Mitosis, & sexu-ally by a process involving cell fusion (Syngamy), zygote formation, and meiosis. Photo synthetic protists - Dinoflagellates, Dia-toms; Euglena like Flagellates. Protozoan Protists - Zoo flagellates, amoeba, sporozoans & ciliates. Diatoms are the chief producers in the oceans. They have no flagella and float because of lipids in them. Euglena like flagellates are common in fresh water. They can lead ‘animal - like’ or ‘plant-like’ life. Zoo flagellates resembles cell wall-less Euglena like protists but are not photosynthetic. Amoebae are predatory protozoans which pro-duce body extentions called pseudopodia, (false foot) to engulf the prey or for locomotion Sporozoans are parasitic protozoans. Malarial parasite is a well studied sporozoan”. Ciliates, those which possess cilia ( locomctory structures) Eg :Paramecium, Plasmodium Material Para-site) KINGDOM FUNGI Fungi are important decomposers in the bio-sphere, recycling its inorganic resources. They obtain energy by extra cellular digestion (digestion out side” cell) and. absorption. Fungi cells grow as elongated filaments called Hyphae. The enmeshed filaments are also called Myceliums. Fungi reproduce asexually by frag-mentation of mycelium or by special vegetative cells, called spores or Conidia. Some lower fungi, (mainly aquatic) reproduce sexually by producing motile garnets which fuse in water. Terrestrial fungi occur as separate mating types. Two haploid hyphae of different mating types fuse during sexual reproduction to eventually form sexual spores. The spore is typical reproductive unit of a fungus. It may be produced sexually or asexually. Spores produced by aquatic fungi may possess flagella for swimming. They are called zoo spores. Terrestrial fungi, produce light spores which are dispersed by. wind. After being lodged in a favourable place, they germinate and the emerg-ing hypha produces a new organism. FUNGI CLASSIFICATION: Fungi are classified on the basis of their lifecycle and the way the, spores are .produced. Zygomycetes. Eg: Common bread mould Rhizopus. Ascomycetes - (The Sac Fungi) includes yeast, Edible morels etc. Yeasts are single celled Ascomycetes which norfrlally reproduce asexually through budding. They can live anaerobically (in the absence of Oxygen) by fermentation. Yeasts are economically important in the brewing and baking industries. Alcoholic fermentations of sugars (glucose and fructose) by yeast produces ethyl alcohol used industrially and alcoholic breverages such as beer, toddy, and wine. The fermented product may be further distilled to produce whisky, rum etc. 5