Cardiovascular System Blood

Chapter 19: Cardiovascular System: Blood I. Functions of Blood A. List and describe the seven major homeostatic functions of blood: 1. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 6. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 7. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ II. Plasma A. Composition 1. It is a ____________________ fluid consisting of about: a. 91% ____________________ b. 9% ____________________ such as _____________________________ 2. What is a colloid? _______________________________________________ 3. Most of the suspended substances are ______________________________ a. Albumin 1. Makes up about ________________________________________ 2. Albumin is important in regulating _____________________________ 3. It maintains the ______________________________ of blood b. Globulins 1. Make up about ________________________________________ 2. Which globulins are part of the immune system? a. ______________________________ b. ______________________________ 3. Some globulins function as ______________________________ c. Fibrinogen 1. Makes up about ________________________________________ 2. Fibrinogen is responsible for the ______________________________ 4. Substances dissolved in the blood are maintained _____________________ 5. Plasma volume remains ______________________________ III. Formed Elements A. General 1. 95% of formed element volume consists of ___________________________ a. The remaining 5% is composed of ____________________ & _________ 2. Which formed elements in adults possess nuclei? ______________________ 3. Granulocytes have _____________________ and _____________________ a. The three types of granulocytes based on staining are: 1. ____________________ stain with ____________________ dyes 2. ____________________ stain with ____________________ dyes 3. ____________________ stain with ____________________ dyes 4. Agranulocytes appear to have __________ and nuclei that are not ________ a. The two types of agranulocytes are ______________ & ______________ B. Production of Formed Elements 1. The process of is called ____________________ or ____________________ 2. In the embryo and fetus blood cell production occurs in: a. ______________________________ b. ______________________________ c. ______________________________ d. ______________________________ e. ______________________________ f. ______________________________ 3. After birth blood cell production is limited to: a. ______________________________ b. Some _________________ helping in production of _________________ 4. All formed elements are produced from a single population of ____________ 5. Hemopoietic stem cells produce daughter cells called: a. Proerythroblasts that develop into ______________________________ b. Myeloblasts that develop into: 1. ______________________________ 2. ______________________________ 3. ______________________________ c. Lymphoblasts that develop into ______________________________ d. Monoblasts that develop into ______________________________ e. Megakaryoblasts that develop into ______________________________ 6. The development of cell lines is regulated by __________________________ C. Red Blood Cells 1. Red blood cells are more technically called ___________________________ 2. The average male has ______________________________ 3. The average female has ______________________________ 4. Structure a. Describe the size and shape of a red blood cell: ____________________ ___________________________________________________________ b. The biconcave shape increases _________________________________ 1. This allows gases _________________________________________ c. When a red blood cell folds _____________________________________ d. About one-third of a red blood cell's volume is ______________________ e. What enzyme is found in red blood cells? __________________________ 5. Function a. What is the primary function of red blood cells? _____________________ ___________________________________________________________ b. List the three major forms of carbon dioxide transport in the blood: 1. 7% ______________________________ 2. 23% ______________________________ 3. 70% ______________________________ c. What is formed when carbon dioxide joins with water? _______________ 1. What enzyme catalyzes this reaction? _________________________ d. Carbonic acid dissociates into: 1. ______________________________ 2. ______________________________ 6. Hemoglobin a. What is a globin? ____________________________________________ b. What is a heme? _____________________________________________ c. How many globins and hemes in a hemoglobin molecule? ____________ d. In normal adult hemoglobin there will be: 1. ____________________ globin chains 2. ____________________ globin chains e. What atom does oxygen attach to for transport in the blood? ___________ f. What is oxyhemoglobin? _______________________________________ 1. What color is oxyhemoglobin? ______________________________ g. What is deoxyhemoglobin? _____________________________________ 1. What color is deoxyhemoglobin? ______________________________ h. What is carbaminohemoglobin? _________________________________ 7. Life History of Red Blood Cells a. How many red blood cells are destroyed per second? ________________ b. To maintain homeostasis what is the production rate of new erythrocytes? __________________________________________________