Microbiology Techniques

Microbiology techniques Microbiology techniques refer to the set of procedures used to study and examine the properties of microbes for many scientific purposes. The most common microbiology techniques are: Sterilization techniques, cultivation techniques, bacteria counting techniques, and identification of different classes of microorganisms. 1-Sterilization Sterilization is used to remove all other forms of microbial organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, spores and other plant cells from within or on the surface of the media. To destroy and kill unwanted forms of microorganisms and contaminants, sterilization techniques are based on the use of : Filtration - heat - drying - radiation such as ultraviolet rays and gamma rays (physical methods) Chemicals such as alcohol -phenols -detergents - dyes (chemical methods). 2-Sanitization This method is based on the complete elimination of all microbes (pathogenic or nonpathogenic) from the surface to reduce contamination and prevent infection as much as possible. It is commonly used in our daily life to sterilize our hands. Sterilization involves the use of chemical cleaners such as alcohol-based cleaners, formaldehyde, chlorine-based cleaners, and hydrogen peroxide. Coloring Staining is a technique used to examine and identify the different shapes of microbes, phases of the cell cycle, or different cell organelles such as mitochondria on a microscopic scale. Staining techniques in microbiology rely on staining or staining cells and other structures to be highlighted for viewing often with the aid of microscopes. The most famous examples of staining techniques in microbiology Simple coloring Simple staining relies on the use of only one dye, such as methylene blue and crystal violet, which is used to determine the shape, size, and arrangement of cells Action Steps: 1- Apply one dye to a fixed swab in order to stain microorganisms. 2- Cover the fixed smear with the stain and wait for a specified period. 3- Then wash the solution with water and dry the slide. Differential coloring This type of staining technique is used to distinguish between microorganisms based on their staining characteristics. More than one dye is used to distinguish the organisms. For example: Gram stain, acid-fast staining, and metachromatic autluploid staining. Isoliation In nature, microorganisms are found and mixed with different forms and types of life, but in many cases we need to identify a specific microorganism, for example there are many pathogenic microorganisms that can cause serious diseases, so we Need to identify and monitor the infectious microbe in laboratories by isolating it and then allowing it to grow in a pure environment containing only one type of microorganism. Layout Layout is one of the maximum not unusualplace isolation strategies in microbiology. It is used to separate and isolate a pure strain of a type of microorganism (bacteria). We can take the necessary samples from the resulting colonies, and we can culture the microbiological environment on a new plate so that the desired microorganisms can be isolated, identified and tested. Plating Plating techniques in microbiology are mainly used to separate microorganisms present in a small sample volume and spread across the surface of an agar plate with the result being the formation and distribution of discrete colonies across the agar surface. Medical microbiology techniques : There are many medical microbiology techniques that are widely used in laboratories to study disease -causing microorganisms their characteristics - infection mechanism - growth - transmission and more. Besides the physical examination and medical history of the patient, medical microbiology techniques are mainly used to diagnose infectious diseases. The most common medical microbiology techniques include : Microbial cultivation techniques Biochemistry tests Tests using a microscope Polymerase chain reaction