Psyc 142 Test 1 Chapters 1

Chapter 1—Introduction to Industrial/Organizational Psychology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is one of the ways that Industrial/Organizational psychology aims to further the welfare of people? a. determining group effects on work performance b. assisting in the selection and training of competent leaders c. assisting organizations in the effective management of human resources d. providing psychological counselling for individuals in the workplace ANS: C 2. According to Dr. Theresa Kline (1996), which of the following might I/O psychologists be called upon to do? a. assist in the selection of employees b. provide support for employee counselling c. assist in the assignment of work tasks d. provide recommendations on health benefits for employees ANS: A 3. One of the most important aspects of CSIOP’s definition of I/O psychology is the view that I/O psychology focuses on which perspective? a. individual-organizational perspective b. dual-practitioner perspective c. scientist-practitioner perspective d. professional-scientist perspective ANS: C 4. Which of the following is a core competency area in which I/O psychologists should be trained? a. individual assessment b. research methods c. decision theory d. program evaluation ANS: B 5. Which of the following factors was a major influence on the development of I/O Psychology? a. industrial b. economic c. social d. psychological ANS: A 6. Which German psychologist’s lab was the starting point for much of I/O Psychology? a. Walter Dill Scott b. Hugo Munsterberg c. Emil Kraepelin d. Wilhelm Wundt ANS: D 7. The Army Alpha Test was developed for placement of U.S. soldiers during World War I to measure which of the following? a. literacy skills b. cognitive ability c. personality traits d. nonverbal intelligence ANS: B 8. Which researcher helped pioneer the use of job analysis while working with the military in the development of selection tests? a. Walter Dill Scott b. Walter Bingham c. Hugo Münsterberg d. Robert Yerkes ANS: B 9. Which one of the following led industrial psychologists to expand their scope of research interests to issues related to employee morale, group processes, and job attitudes? a. World War I b. World War II c. the Hawthorne studies d. the Wundt studies ANS: C 10. What was a method of selection known as the “Assessment Centre” originally developed to select? a. fighter pilots b. spies c. commanders d. soldiers ANS: B 11. What year was the Industrial and Business Psychology Division of the American Psychological Association first formed? a. 1945 b. 1950 c. 1964 d. 1973 ANS: A 12. McGill University Professor Ed Webster made a substantial contribution to I/O Psychology in Canada through his scholarly work on what topic? a. morale research b. the Assessment Centre c. the employment interview d. work-life balance research ANS: C 13. What does the term “presenteeism” refer to? a. employees showing up to work even though they may be sick b. employees introducing their clients to other employees c. managers presenting on topics related to team performance d. managers evaluating employee performance based on attendance ANS: A 14. What is the notion of “boom, bust, and echo” put forth by David Foot (2001) from the University of Toronto a characterization of? a. the age profile of the workforce b. the Canadian economy after World War II c. the changes in the workplace as a result of technology d. the available employment opportunities in the workforce ANS: A 15. Which of the following does the Hawthorne effect suggest? a. one small change will have a cascading effect b. a prediction causes itself to become true c. any intervention may have the desired effect d. increasing light in the workplace will increase productivity ANS: C TRUE/FALSE 1. Job and task analysis is a core competency in which I/O psychologists should receive training. ANS: T 2. Hugo Munsterberg is recognized as the most influential early I/O psychologist. ANS: T 3. The Army Beta test is a measure of cognitive ability developed for placement of U.S. soldiers during World War I. ANS: T 4. In the Hawthorne studies, when the researchers increased the level of illumination, worker productivity went up. When researchers decreased the level of illumination, worker productivity went down. ANS: F 5. Industrial/Organizational Psychology was first developed in Canada. ANS: F 6. The initial two divisions of the Canadian Psychological Association in 1972 were experimental psychology and applied psychology. ANS: T SHORT ANSWER 1. Some experts have labelled Walter Dill Scott as the “first” industrial psychologist; however, other experts claim that the title belongs to Hugo Munsterberg. Briefly explain why both psychologists could be considered “first” in the field of I/O Psychology. REF: 7 2. Although Army Alpha and Army Beta tests were no longer used after World War I, their use had a marked influence on the field. Briefly explain what these tests were used for and why they had such an impact, even after they were no longer used. REF: 7–8 3. What was the most important outcome of the Hawthorne studies to the field of I/O Psychology? REF: 8