Liquid Medicine Dosage Form

Liquid Medicine Dosage Form Liquid drug dosage forms include solutions, elixirs, syrups, solid dispersion systems (suspensions) and liquid dispersion systems (emulsions), linimentum, lotio. Care must be taken to store this liquid medicinal dosage form at room temperature and protected from sunlight. The damage is easily recognized macroscopically, namely from changes in color, changes in aroma, the appearance of crystals or the presence of solid deposits. 1. Solution A solution is a liquid preparation that contains one or more dissolved chemical substances. Parts of a solution are solute and solvent. This solution can be a gas in a liquid, a liquid in a liquid or a solid in a liquid. The commonly used solvent is water. Solution properties  Homogeneous  Easy to absorb  Suitable for people who have difficulty swallowing, seniors and children  For external medicine, it is easy to use  Large giving volume  Cannot be prepared for drugs that are unstable in solution  The bitter taste of the drug can be masked by adding sweeteners and taste. Example: Betadine Gargle 2. Syrup The term syrup is used for  liquid preparations containing Saccharose or sugar with a level of 64 – 66%.  The sucrose solution is almost saturated with water  Liquid preparations made with thickeners and sweeteners, including oral suspensions It is homogeneous, thicker and sweeter than the solution preparation. The syrup preparation is suitable to be given to children and adults. Example: Sanmol syrup Dry syrup is a solid preparation in the form of powder or granules consisting of medicinal ingredients, sweeteners, flavorings, stabilizers and other ingredients, except solvents. If it is to be given to a patient, solvent (sir) is added to form a suspension dosage form. Properties of dry syrup:  Generally medicinal ingredients are antimicrobials or other chemicals that are insoluble and unstable in liquid form in long storage.  Gives a delicious taste, so it is suitable for children and babies.  The speed of drug absorption depends on the size particle  If distilled water has been added, it only lasts +14 days at room temperature, and +14 days at refrigerator temperature. Example: Amoxsan DS  Suspensions are liquid preparations that contain solid materials in fine form that are not dissolved but are dispersed in a liquid carrier/vehiculum, generally containing stabilizers to ensure their stability. This preparation must be shaken before use. Suspension properties:  Suitable for people who have difficulty swallowing, children and the elderly.  Sweeteners and flavorings can be added to cover the bitter taste of the active ingredients.  The speed of drug absorption depends on the size of the dispersed particles. Example: Mylanta Suspension 4. Elixir Elixir is an oral solution that contains ethanol as a cosolvent. To reduce the amount of ethanol, other cosolvents such as glycerin and propylenecyclol can be added, but to be declared an elixir, ethanol must be present. Ethanol content is between 3 – 75%, usually around 3 – 15%. Apart from being a solvent, the ethanol in the elixir also functions as a preservative or saporis corrigence. Elixir properties:  Suitable for sufferers who have difficulty swallowing  Because it contains alcohol, be careful for sensitive sufferers against alcohol or certain diseases  The elixir is less sweet and less viscous than the dosage form syrup Example: Mucopect elixir 5. Tincture Tincture is a solution containing ethanol or hydroalcohol made from plant materials or chemical compounds. Traditionally, medicinal tinctures contain 10% plant material. Tincture Properties:  Homogeneous and more stable medicinal ingredients  High alcohol levels can inhibit the growth of microorganisms Example: Hello 6. Garrisma Gargarisma is a medicinal solution that is gargled down the throat and should not be swallowed. Example: Betadine gargle. 7. Guttae (medicine drops) Guttae is a liquid preparation that is used by dripping. Several types of drops (guttae) are oral drops, eye drops and ear drops. 1) Oral drops General properties of oral drops:  The volume of administration is small so it is suitable for babies and children  Compounds such as sweeteners and flavorings are added in accordance  It use for antimicrobials, antipyretic analgesics, vitamis, and antitussives drugs. Example: Triaminic drop 2) Eye drops General properties of eye drops:  Must be sterile and clear  Isotonic and isoidris so it has optimal activity  For multiple dose use, additional preservatives are required Examples: Insto, Cendo Xytrol 3) Ear drops Properties of ear drops:  The carrier material must have a suitable viscosity such as oil or the like (glycerol, vegetable oil, propylene glycol) so that it can contact the ear canal.  The pH of the preparation should be weak acid (5-6) example: Otolin ear drops, Otopain ear drops 3) Nasal drops Properties of ear drops:  pH around 5.5 to 7.5  generally added preservatives and stabilizers example: Iliadin nose drops, Otrivin nose drops