Semi-Solid Dosage Forms

Semi-Solid Dosage Forms Semi-solid dosage forms are generally intended for external use through the skin. How to recognize damage macroscopically can be seen from changes in color, rancid smell, and past the expiration date. Storage of this dosage form is generally in a tightly closed container, in a cool, dry place and protected from sunlight. a. Unguenta (ointment) Ointment is a semi-solid preparation that is used as an external medicine, easily applied to the skin and without the need for heating first. The ointment must be homogeneous or evenly dispersed in the vehicle (carrier). Generally use a hydrocarbon ointment base (vaseline album or vaseline flavum) and an absorption ointment base (adeps lanae and lanolin). General characteristics of ointments:  The strongest penetration power when compared to other semi-solid dosage forms.  Quite stable in storage and transportation.  The medicine can be in contact with the skin surface for quite a long time so it is suitable for dry and chronic dermatosis conditions as well as for scaly and hairy skin types.  Should not be used for whole body lesions Example: fungiderm ointment Eye ointment Eye ointment is a sterile ointment for eye treatment using a suitable ointment base. Its acctually provides another meaning where drug can maintain contact with the eye and the surrounding tissue without being washed away by tear fluid. Eye ointment properties:  It must be sterile and can be in contact with the eyes for a long time so it is more effective compared to eye drops.  Stable  Basic ingredients do not irritate the eyes (adeps lanae, vaseline flavum, and paraffin liq)  Suitable for night use Example: kemicetin eye ointment b. Gel Gel is a semisolid preparation whose consistency is slightly liquid, thick and sticky, but liquefies when in contact with the skin, dries as a thin, non-greasy layer. General properties of Gel preparatib ons:  The drug can be in contact with the skin for a long time and easily dry  Can function as a cooler and medicine carrier  The basic ingredients have a non-greasy lubricating effect so they are suitable for chronic dermatoses  Usually for local effects, using too much can have systemic effects. Examples: Bioplacenton, Voltaren emulgel c. Cream Cream is a semisolid preparation that contains a lot of water, so it has a cooling effect when applied to the skin, as a vehicle it can be an o/w emulsion or a w/o emulsion. General properties of cream preparations:  Drug absorption is quite good and easy to clean from the skin  Less stable in storage because it contains a lot of water and mold easily appears if the preparation is opened.  Can function as a carrier and cooler Example: Hydrocortson cream. d. Paste Paste is a soft mass made by mixing a large amount of medicinal material in powder form (4060%), with vaseline or liquid paraffin or a nonfat base made with glycerol, mucilage and soap. General properties of paste preparations:  Long contact time with skin  This preparation is suitable for moderately wet dermatoses (subacute or chronicle)  Can function as a dryer, cleaner and carrier  Cannot be used for hairy and dermatous skin exudative.  For acute lesions it can leave a vesicular crust Example: Zinc paste e. Injection Injection is a sterile preparation in the form of a solution, suspension or powder which is dissolved or suspended before being used parenterally. General properties:  Suitable for sufferers who are uncooperative, unconscious or in an emergency  Faster onset - Suitable for drugs that are unstable by stomach acid  For drugs that are unstable in solution form, make them in solid form and then suspend them just before injection  Price is relatively expensive  Administration requires a spoit tool For liquid preparations, macroscopic damage to the preparation can be seen by changes in color, odor, crystals or precipitate appearing, and not being able to mix well when shaken. Store in a dry place, at room temperature and protected from sunlight.For dry preparations, it can be seen from the appearance of color changes and clumping before reconstruction. Store in a dry place, at room temperature and protected from sunlight. This dosage form is made for administration through the vagina in liquid, solid, semi-solid form which is used by using an applicator (special tool) inserted into the vaginal canal as deeply as possible. For vaginal tablets vaginal cavity. Example: Flagystatin Ovula