Movement Direction on Human Body

MOVEMENT DIRECTION ON HUMAN BODY Several directions of human body movements follows. 1. Flexion and Extension a. Flexio : Bending, folding a joint or bending movement. b. Extension : Movement to straighten the joint, for example: swing movement knees during walking activities. 2. Adduction and Abduction a. Adduction : Movement towards the body. b. Abduction : Movement away from the body. 3. Rotation a. Rotation : Rotating movement of the joint. b. Circumduction : Circular movements or combined movements of flexion, extension, adduction and adduction. Example: abduction movement (away from body). When the leg is moved back to the ready position it is an adduction movement (closer to the body). 4. Elevation and depression a. Elevation is a lifting movement. b. Depression is a lowering movement. For example: Movement of opening the mouth (elevation) and closing it (depression) as well shoulder movement up (elevation) and down (depression) 5. Inversion and eversion a. Inversion is the movement of tilting the soles of the feet inward towards the body. b. Eversion is the movement of tilting the soles of the feet outward. You need to know that the terms inversion and eversion only apply to the ankle area. 6. Supination and pronation a. Supination is the movement of raising the hand. b. Pronation is a downward movement. You need to know that the terms supination and pronation are only used for the wrist area. 7. Endorotation and exorotation a. Endorotation is an inward movement around the long axis of a bone jointed (rotational). b. Exorotation is an outward rotation movement. 8. Axis/Axis of Movement a. Sagittal axis is a line that intersects the sagittal plane of motion with the transverse plane of motion. b. The transversal axis is a line that intersects the frontal plane of motion with the transverse plane of motion. c. Longitudinal Axis, namely the line that intersects the median and frontal planes of motion and running from top to bottom. 9. Anatomy a. The median plane, namely the plane that passes through the longitudinal axis and the sagittal axis, is thus called mediosagittal. b. Sagittal plane (paramedian plane), namely any plane that is parallel to the plane mediosagittal. c. Coronal or frontal plane, namely any plane that contains transverse axes and is parallel to the forehead and perpendicular to the sagittal plane d. The transversal plane is located perpendicular to the sagittal and coronal planes. In a standing position, the position is in a horizontal plane.