Understanding Physiology Anatomy

UNDERSTANDING PHYSIOLOGY ANATOMY The word anatomy comes from Greek which literally means "opening a piece". Anatomy is a science that studies the inside (internal) and outside (external) of the structure of the human body and its physical relationship with other parts of the body, for example studying the uterine organs and their position in the body. Anatomy is also literally translated into Latin, from the wording "Ana" is part, separating and "Tomy" is slice or cut. So anatomy can also be interpreted as a science that studies the shape and structure of the body, both as a whole and in its parts, as well as the relationship of one body organ to another. The word physiology also comes from Greek, namely the science that studies how an organism carries out its main functions. For example, someone who wants to study the physiology of how the uterus can enlarge during pregnancy or why the uterine wall contracts during childbirth. The meaning of the word physiology is Latin, derived from the word Physis (Physis) which is nature or way of working. Logos (Logic)is science. So physiology is a science that studies the physiology or work or function of each body tissue or part of the body's organs and their functions. Anatomy and physiology are two things that are closely related to each other bothof the word physiology is Latin, derived from the word Physis (Physis) which is nature or way of working. Logos (Logic) is science. So physiology is a science that studies the physiology or work or function of each body tissue or part of the body's organs and their functions. Anatomy and physiology are two things that are closely related to each other both theoretically and practically, so that a concept emerges, namely "all specific functions are formed from specific structures" ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION Based on the aspects studied, anatomy is divided into two, namely (1) microscopic anatomy and (2) macroscopic anatomy. Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye. Forms of microscopic examination are cytology and histology examination . Cytology studies individual cells while histology studies tissue. Macroscopic anatomy studies large structures that can be seen with the naked eye, including surface anatomy (characteristics of the surface), regional anatomy (focuses on certain areas), systemic anatomy (studies organs in the digestive system, reproductive system, cardiovascular system etc.), as well as developmental anatomy (studying changes in the body from a structural point of view). Human physiology is a science that studies the physiology (function) of the human body. The physiological specifications of anatomy include cell physiology (studying the function of cells and their parts), specific physiology (studying an organ), systemic physiology (studying organ function systemically), and pathological physiology (studying the effects of disease on an organ). ANATOMIC TERMS AND POSITIONS To achieve uniformity of description, an anatomical position has been selected and established, namelyThe body is in an upright position, facing forward, head held straight, with the arms at the sides and both hands at the sides with the thumbs at the sides/outside. To make it easier to describe the anatomy, lines are also defined and the following imaginary (imaginary) fields . 1. 1.The midline or sagittal line is an imaginary line that passes vertically through the midline of the body from the top of the head to the bottom, between the legs which divides the sides into two, right and left. 2. Horizontal cleavage divides the body into superior and inferior parts. 3. Sagittal division divides the body into right and left halves, parallel to the linemiddle. 4. Coronal division divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. Anatomical terms are based on anatomical position and pay directionsimaginary fields, including the following. attention to lines and 1. Anterior : closer to the front, for example the stomach is located anterior to spleen. 2. Medial : the middle part or closer to the median plane, for example the ring finger located medial to the thumb. 3. Superior : above, for example the mouth is located superior to the chin. 4. Dextra: right side 5. Ventral: the front part of the spine 6. Internal: in 7. Proximal: closer to the base of the body or base or approachingtorso, for example the elbow is located proximal to the palmhand. 8. Parietal: outer layer 9. Superficial : shallow or closer to/on the surface, for example the leg muscles are locatedsuperficial to the bone. 10. Horizontal: flat area 11. Transversal: cross section 12. Posterior: closer to the back, for example the heart is located posterior to rib. 13. Laterals : the side, away from the median plane, for example the ear is located lateral to the eye. 14. Inferior : bottom, for example the navel is located inferior to the breasts. 15. Sinistra : left side 16. Dorsal : The back of the spine 17. External : the outside part 18. Distal : the end of or away from the torso, for example the wrist located distal to the elbow 19. Peripheral : edge (edge) 20. Visceral : inner layer 21. Profunda : deep or further from the surface, for example the ulna and The lever is located deeper than the forearm muscles. 22. Vertica : vertical plane 23. Longitudinal: lengthwise cut 24. Central : middle part 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. Ascending : rising part Descending : descending part Cranial : part of the head Caudal : the tail Palmar : towards the palmaris manus (upper limb) Plantars : towards the plantar pedis (lower limb) Ulnar : towards the ulna (ulna) Radials : towards the radius (lump bone) Tibia : towards the tibia (shin bone) Fibular : towards the fibula (calf bone)