University:
Boston University
Course:
CAS CS 200 | Computer Science Workshops
Academic year:

2024
Views:

131

Pages:

2
Author:

Skye S.

Stress disrupts homeostasis, which is the maintenance of a stable environment in the body. It can be either positive (eustress) or negative (distress), and can be triggered by psychological, physical, or physiological stimuli. Chronic stress has been linked to various health issues such as diminished immunity, cancer, heart disease, and depression. Bullet points Psychologic Mediators/Modulators ● ● ● Factors surrounding stressors can impact the ability to adapt Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) explores the relationship between stress and health outcomes Various factors include nutrition, consciousness, psychosocial support, immune modulation, genetics, gender, life experiences, and health status Negative Feedback System ● ● Insulin plays a role in glucose control Body cells take up glucose Pancreas and Glucose Regulation ● ● ● Beta cells in the pancreas release insulin into the blood when blood glucose levels rise Liver takes up glucose and stores it as glycogen Alpha cells in the pancreas release glucagon when blood glucose levels fall Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis and Stress ● ● ● ● Stress activates the amygdala and hippocampus in the brain CRH is released in the hypothalamus, triggering the HPA axis The anterior pituitary releases ACTH, which stimulates the adrenal gland to produce cortisol Cortisol supports physiological changes associated with fight-or-flight responses Immune System and Stress ● ● ● Stress can impact the immune system and increase susceptibility to disease Stress response decreases T-cell cytotoxicity and B-cell function Proinflammatory cytokines are linked to stress, immune function, and disease/cancer Stress-Age Syndrome ● ● ● Stress-Age Syndrome refers to adaptive and degenerative changes in neurohormonal tissue and cellular function that occur with aging It is associated with obesity, heart diseases, diabetes, immune system changes, and other disorders Stress hormones, inflammation, and other factors contribute to the syndrome Selye's Stress Response Theory (General Adaptive Syndrome) ● ● ● ● Stress response involves neural, endocrine, and immune responses Short-term stress can have a protective effect, but prolonged exposure can lead to diminished effectiveness Three stages of response: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion Conditioning factors and individual characteristics influence stress response Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome ● ● ● ● The body undergoes physiological changes in response to any kind of stressor The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is activated, leading to increased stress resistance The endocrine system releases hormones like cortisol and adrenaline Physiological changes include increased alertness, cardiorespiratory stimulation, and pupil dilation