Hemorrhage, Shock, and Trauma Assessment

Bleeding, Face/Neck, Env., Head/Spine, Chest, Ortho, Abdomen Question Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body? The systemic veins function by: The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the: Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the: As red blood cells begin to clump together to form a clot, __________ reinforces the clumped red blood cells. Responses Hypoperfusion is another name for: Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as the: Answer the filtering of blood cells in the spleen returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart. arterioles. ability of the blood to effectively clot. fibrinogen shock circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs. Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for up to 2 hours? An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the: Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume. Responses What is the approximate blood volume of a 75-kg adult? An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost. Responses The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to: Responses skeletal muscle Hypovolemic shock occurs when: the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss. The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT: systolic blood pressure. In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control? femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg - correct External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because: Responses Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct? Responses Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct? A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh. Responses In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be: Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include: Responses A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His BP is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing: Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with: body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C). 20% 5.25 L 100 mL how rapidly he or she bleeds. veins are under a lower pressure. A person taking aspirin will experience slower blood clotting. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously. - correct 1L weakness or dizziness. pain and distention. gastrointestinal bleeding. hematemesis. A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an attack by a gang. conscious but restless and pulse is rapid. assessment reveals a large area bruising to right upper quadrant. MOST appropriate treatment for this Pt includes: Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of left upper quadrant pain w referred pain to left shoulder. assessment reveals her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On these findings, you should be MOST sus injury: In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is: Responses A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should: A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing, but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should: During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should: A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should: Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by: After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should: If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: When using a stick and square knot as a tourniquet to control severe bleeding from an amputated arm, the EMT should: Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that: Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding? You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that: preparing for immediate transport. spleen dizziness upon standing. assist the patient's ventilations. control the bleeding with direct pressure. repeat the primary assessment. follow appropriate standard precautions. applying local direct pressure. place additional dressings over the wound. a tourniquet proximal to the injury. stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released. air splint the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration. A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and and bounding. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes: bounding. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes: is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be Bleeding from the nose following head trauma: stopped. What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? Allows movement of the head You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to his neck during a robbery attempt. apply direct pressure above and below the During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting wound. from the laceration. You should: A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You with plain water. should: The white portion of the eye is called the sclera. A 30-year-old female was robbed and assaulted by a gang as she suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds. was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner assumes manual stabilization of her head, you should The eyeball itself is referred to as the: A construction worker has a large sliver of metal impaled in his right eye. The MOST appropriate treatment for this injury includes: A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. His is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The MOST appropriate care for this patient includes: When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is MOST important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because: Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of a closed head injury? A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and pain to her left eye. During your assessment, you note that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open. You should suspect that she is experiencing: A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should: A 22-year-old male was walking on the beach and had sand blown into his eyes. He complains of pain and decreased vision to his right eye. Treatment should include: Facial injuries should be identified and treated as soon as possible because Approximately 80% of the eyeball is protected by the: Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT-B's index of suspicion for a/an: Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would MOST likely be observed in a patient with: The skin and underlying tissues of the face Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is MOST correct? A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should: The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by a delicate membrane called the Following blunt trauma to the head, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with: A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unconscious with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should The upper jaw bone is called the: The mastoid process is located approximately: You are assessing a 59-year-old male who complains of diplopia. When obtaining the patient's medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he: The cricoid cartilage: The optic nerve endings are contained within the: In the normal, uninjured eye: When a light is shone into the pupil: A 6-y/o f riding her bicycle + hit clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, w difficulty. rapid asst shows a crackling sensation globe. stabilizing the object and covering both of his eyes. leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together maxillofacial specialists may need to be called Briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light conjunctivitis. transport her to the emergency department. irrigating his right eye laterally. of the risk for airway problems. orbit spinal cord injury. a head injury. have a rich blood supply and bleed profusely. Vitreous humor is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye conjunctiva. a blowout fracture. close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing. maxillae. 1” posterior to the external opening of the ear. has a history of eye surgeries is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea. retina the pupils are equal in size and move together in the same direction it should become smaller in size. rapidly transporting her to the hospital. in her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway mngt., the Tx that will MOST likely improve her