Anatomy Final Exam Practice Test

Which branch of microscopic anatomy is the study of tissues? Histology Cytology Embryology Developmental anatomy Surgical anatomy _______ anatomy examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them. Regional Surface Radiographic Surgical Systemic The directional term that means "in back of" or "toward the back surface" is posterior. caudal. cephalic. anterior. The directional term that means "away from the midline of the body" is inferior. superior. medial. lateral. Which best defines "superficial"? On the inside On the outside Toward the end of an appendage Close to the attachment of the appendage to the trunk The smallest structural unit that exhibits the characteristics of living things is an organ. an individual. tissue. a cell. The scientific discipline that studies the functions of body structures is anatomy. physiology. CO2 + H20 5 Н2 СОз The chemical reaction shown above has reactants COz and H2O, which are permanently consumed as H2 CO3 is produced. is an example of an irreversible reaction. can proceed to the right, where H2 CO3 is produced, or the left, where CO2 and H2O are produced. In the process of glycolysis two enzymes are involved in breaking glucose down to ten pyruvate molecules. six enzymes use two ATP to split glucose in half. ten enzymes are involved in breaking glucose down to two pyruvate molecules. Lactase is an enzyme that digests lactose. True False Glycolysis requires oxygen. True False The term "metabolism" refers to reactions involving the breakdown of complex molecules or the exchange of atoms between similarly sized reactants. reactions involving the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones. digestive system reactions that are either catabolic or exchange reactions. all the chemical reactions in the body. The building blocks that form the DNA double helix are called nucleotides. steroid bases. nitrogenous acids. Everything packaged by the Golgi apparatus for secretion leaves the cell within a vesicle. True False The term "codon" refers to a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA that codes for a protein. a three-base sequence of mRNA. the part of a RNA molecule where a new amino acid is added. an amino acid that is coded for by three bases of DNA. The amount of rough ER is greater in cells producing large amounts of protein for secretion. True False Which of the following choices describes three general functions cells must perform? Grow until dividing, store complex carbohydrates, generate antibodies Take up oxygen, prevent water entry, undergo mitosis frequently Maintain shape, obtain nutrients, and dispose of wastes Endocrine glands possess ducts to secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid. secrete mucus directly into a body cavity. lack ducts and secrete their products onto the skin surface. lack ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid. Endocrine glands secrete sweat. hormones. saliva. Another name for the skin is the ___ membrane. cutaneous parietal visceral mucous While most of the cells in a hair are dead, the living epithelial cells are found in the hyponychium. the cortex of the hair shaft. the hair bulb. the cuticle of the hair shaft. The function of melanin in the skin is to prevent infections. protect against UV light. help regulate body temperature. Sebum is a secretion that acts as a pheremone once reproductive maturity is reached. cools the skin and eliminates certain drugs. lubricates skin and helps defend against bacteria. From deep to superficial, the order of the strata of the epidermis is Basale - spinosum - granulosum - lucidum - corneum Corneum - granulosum - lucidum - spinosum - basale Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum – basale Basale-granulosum -spinosum -lucidum - corneum Where does hematopoiesis occur? Nutrient foramina Endosteum Red bone marrow Yellow bone marrow Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium into the blood. stimulate osteoblasts to deposit bone by producing calcified matrix. stimulate osteoblasts to resorb bone and lower blood calcium levels. Which hormone inhibits bone growth? Calcitonin Growth hormone Parathyroid hormone Thyroid hormone Bone is_____and contains mainly. highly vascularized; sensory highly vascularized; motor avascular; sensory Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids. calcium, phosphate, and lipids. steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates. calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids. Which is an alternate term for compact bone? Cancellous bone Diploe Cortical bone What is the role of nerves that supply a bone? Detect injuries in the bone. Signal the bone to grow. Signal the bone to move. Sutures are joints that are found only where a facial bone articulates with a cranial bone. throughout the axial and appendicular skeletons. between certain bones of the skull. between all bones and teeth of the skull. The glenohumeral joint exhibits a low level of stability but a wide range of motion. a low level of stability and a narrow range of motion. The joint movement called eversion involves turning the palm of the hand laterally. turning the palm of the hand or sole of the foot laterally. turning the sole of the foot laterally. Which of the following describes a meniscus? Fibrous cartilage pads Found only at the temporomandibular joint Attach muscles to bones Flat, fluid-filled sacs A term that describes the change in muscle following a lack of exercise is myofascia. atrophy. hypertrophy. Acetylcholine exerts its effect by allowing calcium to enter the cell. binding to receptors at the motor end plate. activating acetylcholinesterase. Which of the following is not one of the rotator cuff muscles? Supraspinatus Teres major Conductive activity in a neuron generally causes it to secrete several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that are broadcast to excite and inhibit multiple targets. a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target. Which is not a function of the motor division of the nervous system? Transmits impulses to muscles and glands Conducts impulses from the CNS Voluntary control of skeletal muscle Transmits impulses from the viscera The portion of the nervous system that has voluntary control over skeletal muscles is the division. somatic sensory autonomic motor somatic motor The afferent division of the nervous system is also known as the division. ganglial sensory cranial efferent The glossy-white appearance of most axons is due to the white color of the perivascular feet. the covering of ependymal cells. their proximity to light-reflecting cartilage. the high lipid content of the myelin sheath. Match the cranial nerve number with its name. Cranial nerve I Olfactory Cranial nerve I| Optic |V Cranial nerve III Oculomotor Cranial nerve IV Trochlear Cranial nerve V Trigeminal Cranial nerve VI Abducens The "fight-or-flight" system is the nervous system. somatic sympathetic parasympathetic The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain axons of motor neurons and cell bodies of interneurons. axons of sensory and motor neurons. axons of sensory neurons and cell bodies of interneurons. What is the correct order for the parts of the spinal cord, from superior to inferior? Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal Thoracic - lumbar - sacral - cervical - coccygeal Thoracic -lumbar - sacral - coccygeal - cervical Cervical - thoracic - sacral - coccygeal - lumbar The lateral horns of the spinal cord contain cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons. cell bodies of somatic sensory neurons. axons of motor neurons and interneuron cell bodies. Which space associated with the spinal cord meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid? Subpial space Subdural space Epiarachnoid space Subarachnoid space What is a likely result of damage to the phrenic nerve? Inability to flex the torso. Inability to flex the elbow. Loss of motor control of the thoracic diaphragm. Which system engages in mass activation? Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system These receptors detect changes in pressure within the body caused by the stretch or distention of internal structures. Thermoreceptors Chemoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Baroreceptors These receptors detect changes in the color, intensity, and movement of light. Mechanoreceptors Chemoreceptors Photoreceptors Thermoreceptors The gelatinous mass inside of the eye is called the hyaloid mass. vitreous humor. lacrimal secretion. scleroid humor. A person having a heart attack may feel pain along the medial side of the left arm. This pain is known as masked pain. referred pain. selected pain. covert pain. Which photoreceptor cells are more numerous? Cones Rods These receptors respond to changes in temperature. Mechanoreceptors Chemoreceptors. Photoreceptors Thermoreceptors These receptors respond to pain caused by external and internal stimuli. Photoreceptors. Mechanoreceptors. Thermoreceptors Nociceptors