Unit 4: Physiology of Flowering

Unit-4 physictory of blavering!-(SN flower fromation is libe cyde & a transitional Aant. phase in the → There are 2 phase of ⅰ flaver induction, blower tormation i-e Flaver differentiation. flower Condition inductive may be day length or light percioder motoperial & In temp, the Phenomenon is called photoperciodism. And the vernalization. latere phenomenon is known Photoperiodism: LO Der: gt is defined as the developemental Respones s Mant to the light & dark period. rrelative angin ds. →0+ 15 derived from 2 greek word i-e- Photos (Light) & perriade (length of time). →Hellman in as a Response 1969 proposed photoperiodism to the timing do light & derenen. →m the basis of devided inte motoperiod. the Mants are tollowing tripes-ie Long dayes) Mants (LD):- Snext day (SD) Plants Day neutral (DN) flante. 19 Dual day length pants etc. Critical day loneth The length of the day or Bight pecial 24-hour cycle required to inhibit the lowering of long-day Nants o blovering & Shost day plants is called the critical day length. Long day Mants: (LDP) Some > The Mant require dage longer than cretical length bor long day plant tlovering is called eg: spinach, Sugar beet, winter wreat Hack henhane ete. > There Mants baits to Hossom undere contifem below the Critical day length. Snort day Mants (SDP):- →The plant requise days sintes than Critical length for Havering is called short day Mants. eg:- Nicotiana tobacum. Japanese morning glory. cocklebur. If the Phort day motopercial in Mant kept undere long encen, thele Mants remain vegetative →The critical species. day length variεί σε species to Day neutral Mants - CDNP)- 3D →These photoperciod day length. Mants how arce cunettreted by no response to varciation in →These Nants - Hover a gear. during Almat over any motoporiad eg 40' clock mant, suntlower, tomato, mai, sile etc. Noblavescing short lay mant) critical period. Flasting Mavoring Longlay Plant Shra night flash of light Plants are devided into. brer Dual day longth Mant (DDP):- 2 taper Long hot day plants (LSD) → These enty sufficient Rank timer in chort day plant have prericusly received. ne of long daye. attro the og Night Herming Jatmere. shoot long day plants (SLD): only attor tr Mant pants blanck in long day optimen no-it Enost day previously received eg-white cloves, Blue grueso winter rage ete importance & photoperiodism:- →Annuals a year.. can be twite thite in → increase geilding. lite radish, carrot efc remain vegetative for longer pericef. eat revention of winter, deirmancy & Autumn Leab trad. Flavering stimulus!- Clover hom one SN → The in leaves and latere al merzistems Howering stimulus is produced translocated to apical and where lower busmation is initiated Stimulus or charlakhyan called the Flowering hormone tlowering as Horigen. → Flowering Plants & Snost day Stimulus is similar in longday Mants. st can be proved by grafting expriment Florigen concept: (SN Chailakhyan-called the lowering stimuler or lowering hormone as Flongen. > These are synthesized in leave and transported to the Moptical and Where Haver bormation initiated latereal mertem day plants Flavering Stimulus is similar inlong I enort day Mants, it can be moveof by grabting experiment. The florigen has 2 components i-e Gibberellin Anthesin Com long day plant, the limiting bactor is Limiting Gibberelic and GA) & on short plant the limiting bactor is Antresin. Gibberlin is essential bur the plant growth & Anthesine is required for the Havering. Vernalization:- Dek The cold Axatment Seed or given to Mant book seedlings bes promoting early Havering is known re. vernalization. → The term verenalization was coined my Lysenko (1928). → Due to vernalization, the as the plant is vegetative period short, resulting carry Hawrang. →vernalization takes place in in annuals like winter rye. Geed stage → The binniales & many perirennial respond cold treatment at very Late Hage. eg:- Apple, Henbane etc. Condition necenary bur vernalizatim!- 1. Age of the plant! →gtis. an important bactor for cold treatment." → It differs in diff. spelice. winter wheat the vermalization is ③ Temperature > The is 1-60 most suitable temp bus the vernalization Mant ony gon >vernalization is an actronic procen f require metabolic enersy. >m the abseme of Da, become completely ine boretive. the cold treatment waten >Entficient Vernalization. amaint bor of watere is essential →vernalizatim of dry seed is not Mechanism possible. > There are a theories to explain the mechanim vernalization. phasic developement theory Hormonal theory. PhasiC developement theory! → According to this theory, the procen f developement as Annual seed plants consist do series of Sercies of phases. ۹ → The Phase light, temp. etc. require enternal factors like Hormonal theory! Allm) The 1st hormonal Long & melchers in 1 747 theory was proposedy high-temp. normal temp Theme labcb. Flowering- → from above, the compand B. during precessor A become the andabite treatment → under which nomal Havering. Condition B Changer into C Shere But at high temp. B is converted into D Hovering does not ovarie Devesnalization. significance of vernalization!- Mant. Shoten the vegetative period of the → merese the cold resistance of plant. >mcrease resistance to trungal disease! →an bimmiel, Lase early bluering & briefing. seed dormancy: 10 12 > Led doxmancer is defined. condition, in which as the Seeds ort bom germinating even Mate arie Prevented under bavorcane condition. the →9t is cel&D calid before caprine d as the germination. required rest period > so the to month y condition may vary brom day even year. Tapes The re a ne 3 tapes f Sed dormancy. Innate stormancy Entorced dosminey @ansduced dormancy. Innate dormancy! ot is the the seed is not condition of the seed in which capame of germinating it the condition supplied suitabe bur seedling growth. Enforced dormaney! 97 is the condition do the seed "wnicy the seed is not capable of germinating due to environmental bactor like-water, U₂, light, temp. etc ③ndured demoney' at isa seed type of seaf dormancy n which absorbed weetere, bief Maled undeş entrambey unbal. conditim es the induced demmancy. germination, is call of •finally seeof condion. tails to germinate even undes Cause Seed domaney! > There ane such as light seed desmaniy temp. Hard seed coat period after Repening Germination inhibitors. immaturity of the seed amboryo etc. mechanically resistant seed coat. Impermeability of seediout to ३. Impermiability of seed coat to wald. Method of breaking seed dormancy There are Natural 2 methods breaking of load 2 Artificial breaking of Saad domany dermanely natural method, completing the ov ripening period. Artibiad, not wan & innehifers. weater applied for semding Importance of Seed doomaney! → Storage of Seed bor Later we →heap in dispersal of seed during antal. condition. > Dormancy helps for many years. seed to remain alive scance: Cos Senescance The procen d Senesconce as the ageing in Aant is called involves all the Changes & Plant causing the death of the cell, tissue of entire body. Senescence etc. seen in thewers, leab, stem, bout, ut → senescance caure termination of live at a given stage in the life cycle. → AS Ageing brom continuous procen, germination lefto death, so that is Senescence i part of Ageing, Particularly the last part. Types of sene scence Senescence in dant is Stupee these are Commulare Senekenme II Tique Serescence organ senescence Top sonescence whde plant senescence ① Collular scencerence! > cellular Sconescence which Cell or Emall other cells senescence only no. cell dont is at the type of the individual of an organiem mut 30 under senescence. eg: 3 aut ods mega spongenesis. 4 megaspore degenerated in Senescence!- → of is a type of at time senescence, which our level and disintigrate & cause death. organ senescene any at is the senescence which oney at organ of the plant like bab, blavor eto eg!- leaf senescence, laver senescenll, petal Serekeme, sepal senesceme ete. The inteated organ ball brom the Plant Body. TOP Senescence! → at is the tupe dos senescence, where the top d the plant body above ground tizene undergoes senescance bret the underground tissue remain alive and then grelos seasm. into rew corial knout in nent onde plant senescence Congancam senescence) at is a type of Crescence or organiem undergoes where the senescence f White Mant cause death at a time → 9t is again & tapes monocarpic senesceme paycarpic serescene, →an monecaspic senescence, consizt ofs Annual & binniel plants where only one reproductive phase occur & death takes place ie death. post reproductive → on ply caspic phase our and then seneseme. many death of the reproductive Mant takes lab. changes during senescence!- slowed due photosynthesis procen to aging. become toops down of → 9t is due to chlorophyll degradation. > deexase in Starch content. Decrease of protein & RNA. procen de motoryonthesis stops