Short Summary: Cell Organelles & Their Functions | California State University, Northridge - Edubirdie

University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
BIOL 101 | General Biology
Academic year:

2025
Views:

305

Pages:

3
Author:

Muhammad Sajid

Short Summary: Cell Organelles & Their Functions 1. Nucleus • Control center of the cell • Contains DNA (genetic material) • Directs protein synthesis and cell division • Has nuclear membrane and nucleolus (makes ribosomes) 2. Ribosomes • Protein factories • Can be free in cytoplasm or attached to Rough ER • Made of RNA + proteins 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Rough ER: Has ribosomes → makes proteins • Smooth ER: No ribosomes → makes lipids & detoxifies 4. Golgi Apparatus • Packing & shipping center • Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles • Makes lysosomes 5. Lysosomes • Garbage disposal system • Contains digestive enzymes (hydrolases) • Destroys old organelles, bacteria, and waste 6. Peroxisomes • Detox centers • Contain oxidase enzymes → break down fatty acids, alcohol • Produce and neutralize hydrogen peroxide 7. Mitochondria • Powerhouse of the cell • Makes ATP (energy) through cellular respiration • Has its own DNA → can self-replicate 8. Secretory Vesicles • Store and transport proteins/hormones made by ER & Golgi • Example: enzymes from pancreas 9. Cytoskeleton • Provides shape, structure & movement • Includes: o Microfilaments – actin (movement) o Intermediate filaments – strength o Microtubules – transport, cell division 10. Centrosome (Centrioles) • Organizes microtubules • Essential for cell division (forms spindle fibers) 11. Cell Membrane • Controls entry/exit of substances • Lipid bilayer with proteins • Semi-permeable • Functions: Protection, signaling, selective transport 12. Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Makes rRNA and assembles ribosomes

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