Endocrine System Study Guide

1. Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system: a. May have a longer lasting effect 2. Receptors for the special senses are found: a. Primarily in the head 3. The “window” of the eye that is also the most anterior part of the eye: a. The cornea 4. ____ controls hormone concentrations. a. Negative feedback 5. Hormones are made by ductless glands called ____ glands. a. Endocrine 6. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which regulates the formation of melanin, is produced by the: a. Intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland 7. Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks: a. Iodine 8. The brain interprets input from sensory receptors as: a. Perception 9. Senses muscle stretch: a. Muscle spindle 10. Another name for pain receptors is: a. Nociceptors 11. ADH and oxytocin are secreted by: a. Neurosecretory cells 12. Middle layer of the eye wall that contains blood vessels and pigments that prevent stray light from reflecting within the eye: a. Choroid 13. Connects directly to the pharynx to allow pressure equalization for the middle ear: a. auditory/eustachian tube 14. The blood concentration of growth hormone: a. Rises at puberty and levels off after adolescence 15. Movement of hair cells in the semicircular canals signals: a. The direction of motion 16. Special sense structure mainly involved with dynamic equilibrium a. Semicircular canals 17. Receptors for the general senses are found a. Widely distributed through the whole body 18. Oxytocin is administered to women following childbirth to stimulate a. Uterine contractions 19. Special sense structure mainly involved with vision: a. Retina 20. Growth hormone: a. Enhances the movement of amino acids into cells b. Increases the rate of protein synthesis c. All of the above d. Increases the rate of fat metabolism 21. Special sense structure mainly involved with detecting the flavor of food: a. Taste bud 22. Hormone that contracts the uterus in a positive feedback cycle during childbirth: a. Oxytocin 23. Sensory receptors include: a. Chemoreceptors b. Photoreceptors c. Mechanoreceptors d. All of the above 24. Special sense structure mainly involved with static equilibrium a. Vestibule 25. A pole vaulter keeps track of his position in mid-air through: a. Proprioceptors 26. Olfactory receptors, which provide the sense of smell, are: a. Chemoreceptors 27. The highest concentration of cones is in the: a. Fovea centralis 28. Hormone that contracts the uterus in a positive feedback cycle during childbirth: a. Oxytocin 29. Pain receptors: a. Respond to factors that can damage tissue 30. Special sense structure mainly involved with detecting the flavor of food: a. Taste bud 31. Special sense structure mainly involved with vision: a. Retina 32. Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system: a. May have a longer lasting effect 33. Receptors for the special senses are found: a. Primarily in the head 34. Pain perceived as located in a body part other than the part stimulated is: a. Referred pain 35. The brain interprets input from sensory receptors as: a. Perception 36. Senses muscle stretch: a. Muscle spindle 37. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which regulates the formation of melanin, is produced by the: a. Intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland 38. Hormone that elevates blood calcium: a. Parathyroid hormone 39. What separates the middle and inner ear: a. Oval window 40. Middle layer of the eye wall that contains blood vessels and pigments that prevent stray light from reflecting within the eye: a. Choroid 41. The brain interprets input from sensory receptors as: a. Perception 42. The sequence of information flow in response to biting into a slice of pizza: a. Sensory receptors activated, impulse sent to CNS, sensation, perception 43. Which structure secretes tears: a. Lacrimal glands 44. All hormones are: a. Organic compounds 45. Which section of the brain constraints the auditory area that interprets sound? a. Temporal lobe 46. The hormone produced by the pineal gland is: a. Melatonin 47. Hormones a. Have functions in growth, reproduction, and development b. Regulate metabolism c. Do all of the above d. Help regulate water electrolyte balance and blood pressure 48. Receptors for the general senses are found: a. Widely distributed throughout the body 49. The specificity of hormone action derives from: a. Target cell receptors that are unique for each hormone 50. Movement of hair cells in the semicircular canals signals: a. The direction of motion 51. Which structure within the eye is responsible for color vision? a. Cones 52. Special sense structure mainly involved with static equilibrium: a. Vestibule 53. When the calcium levels are high in the bloodstream what is the name of the hormone secreted to increase osteoblast activity? a. Calcitonin 54. Special sense structure mainly involved with dynamic equilibrium: a. Semicircular canals 55. Hormone that elevates blood calcium: a. Parathyroid hormone 56. Sensory receptors include a. Baroreceptors 57. Another name for pain receptors is: a. Nociceptors 58. A blind spot in the retina occurs ____? a. At the optic disc 59. The blood concentration of growth hormone: a. Rises at puberty and levels off after adolescence 60. A patient is discovered to have a high calcium blood level. Which gland is most likely causing the problem? a. Parathyroid 61. Olfactory and gustatory receptors are types of: a. Chemoreceptors 62. The “window” of the eye that is also the most anterior part of the eye: a. Cornea 63. The tough outer coat of the eye is known as the ___. a. Sclera 64. Which gland secretes thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin? a. Thyroid 65. What structure separates the outer ear from the middle ear? a. Tympanic membrane 66. Which flavor can the taste buds sense, in addition to sweet, sour, bitter, and salty? a. Umami 67. “Endocrine” means: a. Internal secretion 68. Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks a. Iodine 69. Connects directly to the pharynx to allow pressure equalization for the middle ear: a. auditory/eustachian tube 70. Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system: a. May have a longer lasting effect 71. The fading of a dominant odor some time after one enters a room is an example of experiencing? a. Sensory adaptation 72. What determines the color of the iris? a. Melanin 73. The photoreceptors of the retina are called? a. Rods and cones 74. Sensory receptors include: a. Mechanoreceptors b. Chemoreceptors c. All of the above d. Photoreccptors