Skeletal System Laboratory Report

Lab Assessment 15 Part A 1. The vertebral column encloses and protects the _spinal cord_________________ 2. The vertebral column extends from the skull to the ___inferior Ep of the coccyx_________ 3. The seventh cervical vertebra is called the __vertebra prominens____________and has an obvious spinous process surface feature that can be palpated 4. The ______Body________________of the vertebrae support the weight of the head and trunk 5. The _____carElaginous intervertebral discs________separate adjacent vertebrae, and they soNen the forces created by walking 6. The intervertebral foramina provide passageways for _spinal nerves______________ 7. Transverse foramina of _____cervical________vertebrae serve as passageways for blood vessels leading to the brain 8. The first vertebra is also called the __atlas_________________ 9. When the head is moved from side to side, the first vertebra pivots around the _____dens__(odontoid process)_________of the second vertebra 10. The _____lumbar__________vertebra have the largest and strongest bodies 11. The number of vertebrae that fuse in an adult to form the sacrum is____5_________ Part B Based on your observaEons , compare typical cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae in relaEon to the characterisEcs indicated in the table. Vertebra Number Size Body Spinous Process Transverse Foramina Cervical 7 Smallest Smallest C2 through C6 are forked (slender) Present, 2 transverse Thoracic 12 intermediate Intermediate Long and fairly thick (most project inferiorly) Absent Lumbar 5 Largest Largest Short and blunt absent (project posteriorly rather than inferiorly) IdenEfy the bone features in figures 15.7 and 15.8 15.7 1. costal facets 2. Spinous processes 3. Transverse processes 4. Median sacral crest 5. coccyx 6. Atlas 7.Axis 8. Thoracic vertebra 9. Intervertebral foramen 10. Intervertebral disc 11. sacral promontory 15.8 1. Spinous process 2. Atlas 3. Axis 4. Transverse process 5. Intervertebral disc 6. Body Part C 1. The manubrium , body, and xiphoid process form a bone called the ___sternum___________ 2. The last two pairs of ribs that have no carElaginous a]achments to the sternum are someEmes called____floaEng ribs____________ribs 3. There are____7___________ pairs of true ribs 4. Costal carElages are composed of ____hyaline__________Essue 5. The manubrium arEculates with the __clavicle_______________on its superior border 6. List three general funcEons of the thoracic cage a. Breathing b. Supports the pectoral girdle and upper limbs c. Protects the thoracic and upper abdominal organs 7. The sternal angle indicates the locaEon of the ____second____________pair of ribs Part D IdenEfy the bones and features indicated in figure 15.9 15.9 1. Jugular notch 2. sternum 3. floaEng rib 4. clavicular notch 5. sternal angle 6. true rib 7. costal carElage of true rib 8. costal carElage of false rib Lab Assessment 16 Part A 1. The pectoral girdle is an incomplete ring because it is open in the back between the __the scapula____ 2. The medial end of a clavicle arEculates with the _manubrium__________of the sternum 3. The lateral end of a clavicle arEculates with the __acromian _______ process of the scapula 4. The ___clavical________is a bone that serves as a brace between the sternum and the scapula 5. The_______spine___divides the scapula into unequal porEons 6. The lateral Ep of the shoulder is the __acromian process_________of the scapula 7. Near the lateral end of the scapula, the __coracoid __________process of the scapula curves anteriorly and inferiorly from the clavicle 8. The glenoid cavity of the scapula arEculates with the ____head______of the humerus Part B Label the structures indicated in figure 16.6 1.Acromion 2. coracoid process 3. Spine 4. infraspinous fossa 5. Medial border 6. Inferior angle 7. Glenoid cavity 8. Lateral border Part C Match the bones in column A with the bones and features in column B ___A. carpals__1. Capitate __B. humerus ___2. Coronoid fossa __B. humerus___3. Deltoid tuberosity _B. humerus____4. Greater tubercle __C. metacarpals___5. Five palmar bones __D. phalanges___6. Fourteen bones in digits __B. humerus___7. Intertubercular sulcus ___A. carpals__8. Lunate __B. humerus___9. Olecranon fossa __E. radius___10. Radial tuberosity ___A. carpals__11. Trapezium ___F. ulna__12. Trochlear notch Part D IdenEfy the bones and features indicated in the radiographs of figures 16.7 , 16.8 and 16.9 Figure 16.7 1. Humerus 2. olecranon process 3. head of radius 4. radius 5. ulna Figure 16.8 1. acromion 2. head of humerus 3. clavicle 4. scapula 5. Rib 6. humerus Figure 16.9 1. Phalanges 2. Metacarpals 3.Carpals 4. distal phalanx 5. proximal phalanx